【作者】 陈超；

【导师】 米靖；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究运用文献资料法、专家调查法、现场观察法、数理统计法、个案分析法及逻辑分析法等科研方法,对备战2010年温哥华冬奥会速滑国家队冰期的力量训练过程进行追踪式现场调查、整理,分析力量训练的计划及其实施情况,总结其在力量训练的方法手段、负荷安排、训练理念等方面的成功经验及规律,发现存在问题,并结合当前力量训练发展趋势,设计我国速滑运动员核心力量训练手段与方法。同时,运用现场测试法建立了我国优秀速度滑冰运动员力量素质评价体系,为教练员选材、训练提供依据和参考,为全面提升我国速滑项目的力量训练水平,进而创造优异成绩奠定理论基础。主要结论如下：(1)速滑冰期力量训练分为一般准备期、比赛期1(跨度时间大,分为三个中周期)、特殊准备期和比赛期2四个阶段；力量训练主要采用七个核心动作；主要采用动力性、超等长为主的练习方法；单次课训练安排模式与机体变化规律相吻合,组合训练课模式以先速度、后力量为主。(2)冰期力量训练内容包括最大力量、快速力量、力量耐力三个方面,经过分析研究力量训练实践,三种子能力的负荷安排均是保持在一般性发展程度上,训练并没有着重充分体现突出性、显著性。力量教练主要通过练习次数变化控制全年负荷节奏的发展趋势。陆期以负荷量积累为主,冰期平均负荷量较陆期下降了50%;冰期基本维持陆期负荷强度,全年负荷强度百分比平均值57%。(3)冰期周训练采用一周两段式的结构,按照不同训练任务及周型可以分为四种类型；中周期采取的训练模式：三周练一周调或两周练一周调的模式；大周期力量教练基本采取的是非线性的波浪式变化模式,从总体来看,遵循基本的负荷变化原则：负荷量增加、负荷强度降低,反之亦然。(4)借鉴当前世界优秀速滑运动员力量训练的观念和做法,找出了我国优秀速滑运动员力量训练的特点和规律,发现存在的问题,提出了相应的建议。(5)鉴于核心力量训练在速滑项目中的重要作用,根据速度滑冰的项目特点以及当前核心训练的先进理念、方法,设计出五个等级的、具有代表性的速滑项目核心力量训练方法手段体系。(6)我国优秀速滑运动员力量训练包括四个与速滑相关性高、影响显著的力量评价指标：最大力量、快速力量、力量耐力及核心稳定性,分别通过对力量训练定量评价、综合发展水平评价发展水平评价、及均衡发展水平评价,最终建立速滑运动员力量评价模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the method of literature, expert interview, live observation, mathematical statistics, case analysis, logic analysis and so on, this paper tries to track the site investigations and in preparation for Vancouver speed skating in winter ice strength the national training, analyze strength of the plan and its implementation, summarize the strength method of training means and training load arrangements, the concept of successful experiences and the implementation status, finding the problems and combining the current trend of development, to design the instrumentality and approach on core strength training for our athletes. At the same time, the use of the test onsite sets up speed skating excellent athlete qualification evaluation system, provide reference for coach to select candidate and training, further to creating a theoretical foundation for an overall improvement in our speed skating power training level.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) In ice training period speed skating strength training can divided to four stages,preparation period, competing period 1,special preparation period and competing period 2. Strength training mainly adopts the seven core actions; Coach mainly adopts training of motivity methods and exceeding equal-length contracting. A single class training accords to the well-being of the functions change; Combined class adopts speed first and strength after.(2) In ice training period, strength for the greatest strength, speed strength, power endurance. After training, study of the three strength indicate, the loads are kept in the general development level. The training modules are not apply the development of the outstanding, prominent. Miss the accumulation of the main load, average load over continental glacial period declined by 50%; Glacial land of the load to maintain the basic strength of the average annual percentage of 57% of load intensity.(3) In ice training period, weeks of training using the general two-stage structure, and the week according to different type of training task can be divided into four types;In the cycle training model adopted: three weeks of training a week or two weeks training a week tune transfer mode;great cycle strength coach Basic to the nonlinear wave-change model, the whole, to follow the basic principles of load change:increase the load, load intensity decreases, and vice versa.(4) Using the good ideas and practices of current world excellent athletes, finding the training characteristic and law for our athletes, find problems, and provide appropriate advice.(5) For the important function of the core strength training, follow the speedy skating characteristic and current the advanced conception and approaches of core strength training, designed the training approaches and instrumentality system with 5 level and occupying representative characteristics.(6) The strength training for our best speed skating athletes including, including four strength evaluation indexes relating to high correlation and significant effect:greatest strength, speed strength, strength endurance and core stability, and established the evaluation model.更多还原