【作者】 刘爽；

【导师】 朱益民；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在石油资源短缺、价格上涨及环境污染严重的情况下,开发一种有前途的、清洁的代用燃料已逐渐引起人们的重视。燃油掺水技术具有节能减排作用,且不需要对设备加以过多改进,是目前应用最为成熟和广泛的代用燃料之一。本文介绍了现有的一些燃油掺水方法,如机械搅拌法、多层滤网式、电超声波法、簧片哨超声法和静态混合法。这些方法各有优点,但其自身也存在着不足,抑或掺水效果好、设备运行要求高,抑或设备运行简单、掺水效果差,无法同时满足稳定性与经济性的双重要求。同时,还介绍了掺水燃油稳定性影响因素以及与其质量相关的指标测定方法。本文采用机械搅拌法制取油包水型掺水燃油,依靠多级搅拌技术使燃油中水珠细化、分散均匀。通过对油温、搅拌速度、掺水量、油流量等参数的合理选择,采用放大倍数法观测水珠粒径、数密度表征水珠分布、热恒温萃取反馈油中掺水量、旋转粘度计对比掺水前后粘度变化,分析掺水燃油中水珠分散度和粘度随参数的变化情况,并以此为依据得到各参数的最佳范围值。实验结果表明,油温60-70℃时可制得水珠粒径小、数密度大、粘度相对较低的掺水燃油；搅拌速度对水珠分散度和粘度影响显著,1176-1400rad/min时水珠粒径小、数密度大且粘度波动大；水流量保持0.006 m3/h,掺水量降低,则油流量增加,此时水珠粒径小、数密度大、掺水燃油粘度小,最佳掺水量在3-5%,对于本实验室研制的一套燃油掺水搅拌核心部件来说,对应的油流量为0.11-0.19m3/h。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the condition of oil resource shortage, price increase and seriously environmental pollution, people pay more attention to research and develop promising and cleaning alternative fuel. Watered Fuel oil is considered to be such a fuel for energy saving and emission reduction and needn’t remodel the equipment too much in production, so it becomes one of the most perfect and widely used alternative fuel. This article introduces some current technologies of fuel oil mixing with water, including mechanical stir, multi-layer filter, electricity ultrasonic, reed ultrasonic and static mixing. All of these technologies have merits, but they also show weaknesses, or unsatisfactory mixing effect, or complex operation condition, so that they are unable to meet the dual requirements of stability and economy. At the same time, stability effect factors and some methods for measuring quality related indicators about watered fuel oil are introduced.This article uses mechanical stir to make W/O watered fuel oil, and relays on multistage stirring technology to thin droplet and disperse equably. The ranges of the main factors including oil temperature, mixing speed, water content and oil flow rate are selected correctly. Droplet size is measured by determination of objective amplification in a microscope, droplet distribution is characterized by numerical density of droplet, water content is tested and calculated by heating temperature extraction feedback, and change of fuel oil viscosity before and after mixing water is measured by rotating viscometer. The droplet dispersity and viscosity history of watered fuel oil changing with parameters have been analyzed, and the optimal ranges of the factors have been obtained. The experimental results show that it is realizable to make watered fuel oil with small droplet size, high numerical dense and relatively low viscosity at oil temperature 60-70℃; mixing speed makes a big difference on droplet dispersity and viscosity, and the watered fuel oil with small droplet size, high numerical dense and vigorous viscosity volatility appears at 1176-1400rad/min. If the oil flow rate increases and the water content decreases, the droplet size diminishes, the numerical density becomes high and the watered fuel oil viscosity reduces. The optimal water content is 3-5％,and for one set of mechanical stirring core unit manufactured by the lab,the corresponding oil flow rate is 0.11-0.19m3/h.更多还原