浅论古罗马妇女地位

【作者】 李丽；

【导师】 田德全；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 世界史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 妇女在社会中的地位是观察一个社会发展程度的标志之一。本文从经济、政治、婚姻家庭的角度,对古罗马妇女在不同历史时期的地位变化进行描述,并分析了古罗马妇女地位发生变化的原因,最后对这些变化产生的影响进行评价。古罗马妇女地位的变化主要体现在婚姻家庭角色及地位的变化、经济地位的变化和政治地位的变化等方面。首先,古罗马妇女在婚姻家庭中角色和地位的变化主要表现为古罗马妇女的婚姻决定权从无到有、对违反操守的惩罚的对象由不公正的单独惩罚妇女发展到惩罚男女双方、妇女离婚自由的程度由开始的几乎不可能发生发展到成为比较常见的现象。其次,古罗马妇女经济地位的变化主要从古罗马妇女在财产所有权上的扩大和社会经济活动参与程度的逐渐提高来体现。古罗马妇女政治地位的变化则主要体现为妇女政治参与程度的逐渐提高和宗教生活的逐渐丰富。古罗马妇女地位发生上述变化,是由许多因素综合作用的结果。从客观原因来看,是商品经济的发展为妇女地位的提高提供了经济支持和社会支持,二是当时国家对外战争频繁,男子长期参与征伐,无暇参与经济和社会生活,为广大的妇女提供了更多的参与社会生活的机会,三是随着父权制的衰落和国家制度的成熟,妇女获得了更多的自由,四是法律制度的完善进一步加强了对妇女的保护力度,五是基督教保护妇女的思想对妇女的解放做出了贡献。从主观原因来看,妇女自我意识逐渐增强,为争取自身权利的提高做出重要努力。古罗马妇女地位的变化对古罗马社会发展产生了重要的影响。古罗马妇女经济地位的提高,促进了古罗马社会经济的发展和社会的稳定；古罗马妇女对国家政治的积极参与,对国家相关政策的制定施加了重要的影响,冲击了男权政治,迫使法律和习俗放松了对古罗马妇女的种种限制；古罗马妇女地位的变化也相应的改变了原有的传统的家庭观念和社会风气。研究古罗马妇女的社会地位的变化,有助于更加全面地了解古罗马社会,从而更加丰富古罗马的妇女史研究和社会史研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The status of women in society is one of the signs to observe the degree of development of a society. This article describes the changes of Roman women’s status in different historical periods from the economic, political, marriage and family angle, analyzes reasons of Roman women’s status changes, and evaluates the effects of these changes.The position change of Roman women are mainly embodied in changes of the role and position in marriage and family, economic and political status changes, etc. The first, the changes of Roman women in marriage and family roles and position contains Roman women’s marriage decision developing from nothing, the punishing object of violation of ethics from women alone unfairly to both men and women, the degree of freedom of women’s divorce gradually increasing.The second, economic status changes of Roman women are reflected in the expanding of property ownership and enhancement in the degree of participation in social economic activities. The third, political status changes of Roman women are mainly embodied gradual improvement in the women’s political participation and enrichment of religion life.The changes of Roman women’s status is the result of comprehensive effect induced by many factors. Judging from the objective reasons, firstly, the development of commodity economy provides financial and social support for the improvement of women’s social status. Secondly, because of frequent foreign wars, men have to fight battles in a long time and can not participate in the economic and social life, so women have more opportunities to participate in social life. Thirdly, with the decline of patriarchy and the maturity of state system, women have acquired more freedom. Fourthly, the improvement of legal system has strengthened protection for women. Fifthly, the thought of women’s protection of Christian contributes to the emancipation of women. Judging from the subjective reasons, the gradual strengthen of women’s self-awareness brings important efforts to the improvements of their own rights.The change of Roman women’s status has produced great influences in the development of ancient Rome society.The improvement of Roman women’s economic status promotes Roman’s social economic development and social stability. Roman women’s active participation in state politics exerts great influences in the relevant national policy formulation, pounds the patriarchal politics, makes the laws and customs decrease limits of Roman women. Roman women’s status changes also convert the original traditional family values and social atmosphere correspondingly.To study the social status changes of Roman women contributes to not only more comprehensive understanding of ancient Rome, but also more enrichment of the research of Roman society and social research on women’s history.更多还原