【作者】 吴丹；

【导师】 张蔚文；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,我国畜禽养殖业快速发展,已成为农业和农村经济发展的支柱产业,然而由于我国集约化养殖业发展时间较短,由此造成的养殖污染十分惊人。2010年2月公布的第一次中国污染普查公报显示,农业非点源污染已成为地表水污染的主要来源,而畜禽养殖是农业非点源污染的主要来源之一。中央政府对此高度重视,提出全面推进畜禽养殖污染防治,并将开展规模化畜禽养殖污染减排纳入国家“十二五”重点规划。太湖流域是全国人口最为稠密和经济发展最有活力的地区之一,然而相关研究表明,来源于农村畜禽养殖业等的农业非点源污染的贡献率已超过来自工业和城市生活的点源污染,使得太湖水体富营养化现象日趋严重,对经济社会的影响日益显著。本文以农业非点源污染备受关注的太湖流域为研究区域,建立在实证研究基础上,通过粪污控制技术生产者的典型个案剖析和太湖流域农户问卷调查的计量经济分析,揭示研究区域当前畜禽粪污控制政策存在的问题并得到相应的政策启示。首先,结合统计数据、文献资料和实地调查情况,对太湖流域畜禽养殖非点源污染状况进行分析。其次,深入剖析太湖流域畜禽养殖非点源污染控制的相关政策,在阅读大量外文文献的基础上归纳国外畜禽粪污控制政策对我国的启示。以上两部分内容为下文的实证分析做铺垫。再次,基于技术生产者的实证分析,选取畜禽生产颇具特色的浙江省嘉兴市南湖区作为典型研究区域,采用个案访谈方式对其粪污治理模式、发展困境等进行深入剖析并得到政策启示：政府应采取更多的经济-激励型政策,规范粪污技术生产行为,鼓励和扶持正外部性粪污技术生产企业。接下来基于农户行为的实证分析,以太湖流域农户调查问卷为载体,从畜禽粪污处置无害化、资源化、减量化的原则出发,采用计量分析等方法对养殖户和种植户分别进行研究。提出应在不损害农户切身利益的前提下,通过资金补贴、技术支持等多种经济激励手段引导农户自愿接纳粪污控制技术、响应环境友好型的粪污控制政策。具体来讲,(1)通过分析不同规模养殖户的畜舍选址、粪尿处置及政策情景响应得到政策启示：对养殖户进行清洁生产方面的技术培训很有必要；要针对不同规模养殖户制定各异的粪污控制政策；应根据本地对畜禽粪便的消纳能力确定新建畜禽养殖场的养殖规模。(2)国内外众多文献研究表明,对于畜禽养殖非点源污染的治理应以在较低成本下促进粪尿还田为目标,因此针对种植户这一关键要素建立了农户施用粪肥的意愿及影响因素的Logistic计量经济模型,并得到相应的政策启示：对农户进行粪肥施用好处的宣传教育和科学施肥的技术指导很有必要；对施用粪肥的农户应给予充足的资金补贴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since Reform and opening-up, China’s livestock and poultry breeding industry gets a rapid development, and has become the agricultural and rural economic development’s pillar industry. However, because the time of intensive livestock farming development is short, the breeding pollution is quite amazing. The first national census on pollution sources published in February 2010 shows that agricultural nonpoint source pollution (ANPS) has become the main source of water pollution, and livestock pollution has become one of the main sources of ANPS. The central government has attached greater importance to the problem, carrying out large-scale livestock and poultry pollution reduction into China’s Twelfth Five-Year Development Plan.Lake Tai watershed is one of the most populous and dynamic regions in economy, however, studies indicate that the damage of ANPS caused by livestock farming and so on has already exceeded point source pollution caused by industrial and urban life. Eutrophication in Lake Tai watershed becomes more and more serious, causing greater influence to China’s economic and social life. Based on Lake Tai watershed, this study analyzes empirically the problem of current poultry waste pollution controlling policy and gets the corresponding policy implications.First of all, combining the statistical data, literature and regional situation, this study introduces the situation of Lake Tai watershed livestock farming ANPS pollution.Secondly, this study analyzes policy background, and summarizes the foreign policy implications to China. The above two parts lay a theoretical foundation for the following positive analysis.Thirdly, based on the empirical analysis of technology producers, selecting south lake area in Zhejiang province for its distinctive livestock and poultry production as a typical research area, adopting case interviews way to research deeply and get policy implications:the government should make more economic incentive policies, correcting production behavior, encouraging and supporting environmental-friendly production enterprises.Fourthly, based on the empirical analysis of farmers, relying on the Lake Tai watershed farmers questionnaire, this study uses statistical analysis method for farmers and producers research, putting forward that the government should take economic incentive policy such as funds subsidies or technical support to guide farmers voluntarily accept dung pollution control technology and response relevant policies, without prejudice to the interests of farmers premise.更多还原