【作者】 杨毅；

【导师】 任一明；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 教育史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 教育是人类社会一种重要的实践活动,它对人类素质的提升、对民族性格的形成、对文化的传承和创新、对社会文明发展起着重要作用。女性占人类总量的二分之一,她们的成长、发展对人类社会整体的发展具有重要意义,而教育在女性成长、发展中的重要性与日俱增,但又困难重重。中国女子教育历来是受到社会、家庭重视的。中国具有悠久的女子教育传统,尤以儒家女子教育影响最为显著,其教育形式和内容,不但延续了数千年,而且对近代中国乃至当今社会仍有着深刻的影响。因此,对中国儒家女子教育进行深入的研究,尽力发掘其发展规律,总结我国女子教育的历史经验,是有益于民族、有益于人类、有益于教育的。汉代作为中国封建时代的开创时期,其儒家女子教育思想在中国古代女子教育史上具有深远影响。本文主要通过探究汉代儒家女子教育思想的主要内容、特点、演变、传播及其产生和发展的社会历史背景和因素,来窥视中国儒家女子教育思想的特点及其对当代女子教育发展的启示,同时希望通过对汉代儒家女子教育思想的研究能够为当今教育及其女子教育问题提供有益的借鉴,以有益于教育事业更加健全、和谐的发展。本论文主要从以下五大方面对汉代儒家女子教育思想进行研究：第一部分,即前言部分,主要介绍本研究的选题的缘由和意义、研究对象、内容及相关概念界定和研究的思路、方法以及研究的重点、难点和创新点等。第二部分对中国古代女子教育和女子教育思想进行简要的阐述。教育思想和教育实践作为教育发展的两大主要因素,两者之间的发展并不总是同步的,存在着作用和反作用的关系。中国古代的女子教育和女子教育思想的发展也是如此。它们的形成和发展是随着时间的推移而逐渐形成的。中国封建社会以儒学作为指导思想,女子教育作为儒家教育的一个组成部分,既是儒家教育思想在女子教育领域的延展和贯彻,也是儒家教育及其思想发展过程中一个不可或缺的部分。第三部分重点探究汉代儒家女子教育思想的主要内容、特点及其演变。汉代是中国儒家女子教育理论的重要形成时期,对后世产生了深远的影响,其中尤以西汉刘向的《列女传》和东汉班昭的《女诫》的女子教育思想最为典型。汉代儒家女子教育思想的主要特点包括四大方面,即以“男尊女卑”为基、以“理家持正”为本、以“妇顺”为旨和以“三从”为准。通过对《列女传》和《女诫》女子教育思想的辨析可以窥探出汉代儒家女子教育思想演进的主要特点,即对女子教育的重视由兴国显家发展到关注女性自身生存、教育对象由男女两性发展到专对女性、女子教育内容由七种“标准”发展到七种“关系”。第四部分主要对汉代儒家女子教育思想形成和发展的社会背景和成因进行分析。教育是人类社会实践的重要组成部分,教育思想是源于人类对社会政治、经济、文化教育等方面的认识,是社会认识的一部分,因此,汉代儒家女子教育思想的形成是多种因素综合作用的结果。具体来说,汉代政治、经济、社会风俗构成的特定社会历史条件,“独尊儒术”的社会文化氛围及汉代女子教育现实及其发展需要,这三大方面既是汉代儒家女子教育思想的形成和发展的社会背景,又促成了其发展。第五部分对汉代儒家女子教育思想的历史影响及其当代启示进行尝试性的探讨。汉代儒家女子教育思想,是在先秦儒家女子教育理论的基础上,结合汉代社会实际进行了创造性的继承和发展,为汉代及其之后历代女子教育的发展提供了可参照的模式。其一旦形成,就通过家庭教育和社会教育的传播,使得儒家女子教育的观念从社会上层逐步深入到下层普通民众的生活中去。从中可以看出,汉代儒家女子教育思想的产生和发展过程中,典型人物与女性整体发展具有关键性作用；国家倡导与思想家的引领起到了强大的导向作用；教育实践与教育思想之间是非同步的,但又是相互依赖、相互促进的。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important activity of human, education has a vital role for improving the human quality and the formation and development of national character, and for the inheritance and innovation of the culture, as well as for the development of social civilization. Education is becoming more and more important to the growth and development of female, who as one half of human are of great significance for the whole society. However, female education is facing increasing difficulties. In ancient China, the social and family took seriously about female education. So the Chinese has a long tradition in female education especially in female education of Confucian whose education form and content, not only lasted for thousands of years, and even still has a profound effect to today’s society. Therefore, to do some deep study in female education of Confucian as to explore its development rule, to summarize the experience of our female education in history, will be beneficial to the nation, also beneficial to the human being and the education. As China’s feudal create period, the female education thought of Confucian in Han dynasty has a far-reaching influence in the women’s education history of ancient China. This paper mainly through exploring the female education thought of Han Confucian, including the main content, the characteristics, the evolution, the spreading and the social history background and reasons in which it had developed of, to peep the characteristics of traditional Chinese female education thoughts and their implications for the development of the contemporary female education, hoping to provide some useful things for women’s education nowadays in order to make a full and harmonious development of the whole education.This paper mainly from five aspects to carry out the study: The first part, also named the preface, mainly introduce the research object, contents, purpose and the related concept definition, as well as why to choose the topic, the value of the research, how to carry out the study and the difficult and innovation points, etc.The second part is mainly simply explaining both the female education and its thought of ancient China. Education thought and practice as the two main factors, both are not always developed at the same time, both have the relationship of function and counterproductive, which is also useful for the female education of ancient China which formed gradually. In feudal society, Confucianism was the guiding ideology of ancient China, female education as an integral part of the Confucian education which is part of the extension of the Confucian education, and it also contributed to the development of Confucian education.The third part is mainly studied the female education of Han Confucian that including its main content, characteristics and evolution. Han is an important period for the formative of the female education of Confucian, and has far-reaching influence for the later times that especially embodied in both famous works about female education, one is《Lie Nu Zhuan》, whose writer is Liu Xiang, living in the western Han dynasty, and the other is《Nu Jie》whose writer is Ban Zhao, living in the eastern Han dynasty. The female education of Han Confucian has four main features, as to say, the thought base is man is much more better than Woman, the basic principle is woman should always stay at home, the psychological quality is woman should always listen to others and should also living for the man. Through comparing the female education thought of both《Lie Nu Zhuan》and《Nu Jie》, it can find out the evolution of female education of Han dynasty Which mainly embodied in three aspects, as to say, the attention of education for women’s development from booming the nation to focusing on women’s own survival, the education object from to both male and female to specifically for women, and women’s education content from by seven "standard" to seven "relationship".The fourth part is mainly analysis the formation’s social background and factors of the female education of Han Confucian. As an important part of human society, the education thought originated in the social politics, economy, culture, education and so on. So the factors for the formation of the female education of Han Confucian are comprehensive, which mainly including the Han dynasty’s specific social and historical conditions, the culture and education reality and development. The fifth part is mainly talk about of the historical influence and contemporary enlightenment of the female education of Han Confucian. The female education of Han Confucian based on the theory of the pre-Qin dynasty, combined with the social reality of inheritance and development, creative for the Han which provided reference models for the female education in the old times. It spread by both family education and social education, and during the process the thought of women education’s influence gradually becoming more and more strongly from the top society into the ordinary people. From the study we can see that the typical character and female whole development is of crucial importance, the country’s leading and tinkers plays a powerful guidance, and education practice and education thought promote each other.更多还原