【作者】 张曦；

【导师】 侯海燕； 王贤文；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 科学学与科技管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 企业作为创新的主体,其竞争逐渐演变为对知识的生产、传播和应用的竞争。专利记载了科学技术发展的脚步,是科学技术创新的载体,所包含的巨大的信息资源对于企业应对竞争实现创新具有极大的参考价值。透过对专利数量、被引情况等重要指标的统计分析,专利已经成为跟踪企业高新技术发展的重要信息源,对于当今面临激烈竞争的企业来说是十分有价值的竞争情报。本文对专利计量学的发展历程、专利计量方法和专利计量在企业技术竞争情报研究中的应用的现状进行归纳总结,并根据研究发展现状提出本文的研究思路和研究特色。本文选取Fortune杂志评选的世界500强企业作为研究对象,基于德温特专利数据库中1980-2009这30年间的专利数据,结合专利计量学方法中的前向引用和社会网络分析法,通过可视化技术绘制大型专利权人共被引网络,研究这些先进技术典范的技术领域分布、技术联系随时间演化情况以及关键节点企业在整个网络中所起到的桥梁作用。结果显示,由500强企业所构成的技术网络全景图主要由以下几部分构成：电子电器,IT集群；汽车集群：化工集群；制药集群；日用家化集群；防空国防集群等。通过对每十年专利权人网络的绘制,演化主要呈现以下特点：进入网络的企业数量逐渐增加；包括食品、金融保险业在内的新的技术集群涌现；不同行业企业间技术相互渗透,例如汽车与电子行业、信息服务与金融行业等。对于技术网络中,起到连接桥梁作用的企业,通过节点的中介中心性进行测度并结合共被引网络,选取其中三家公司进行深入挖掘：美国通用电气、杜邦化学、甲骨文。根据国家专利分类号(IPC)对三家公司的专利进行统计分析表明：通用作为多元化业务的典型代表,其产品涉及多个技术领域；杜邦由于能够提供高品质的化学工艺技术,技术产品覆盖各个行业领域；甲骨文公司随着互联网的普及,以其为企业提供的统一信息技术平台服务成为其位居关键地位的重要因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Enterprises are the main body of innovation, the competition among them has evolved into competing in production, dissemination and application of knowledge.Patent, being the innovation vector of science and technology, documents the pace of development of science and technology. Containing huge information resources, patents have great reference value to face pierce competitions and realize innovation. Through statistical analysis on patents counts, citations etc. and other important indicators, patents have become an important information source for tracking high-tech development of enterprises, thus, they are very valuable competitive intelligence for today’s businesses in intense competition.In this paper, we summarize the development process of the patentmetrics, methods of patentmetrics and its application in competitive technical intelligence in the enterprise, and then advance ideas and research features for this paper. Fortune 500 companies are selected as the research object, whose data is indexed in Derwent Innovations Index from 1980 to 2009. Methods of patent forward citation, social network analysis and information visualization are employed to identify the distribution of technology fields of these enterprises, the evolution process for the technology landscape during the last 3 decades and the pivotal point in the large assignee co-citation network.From the results, we can see that the technology landscape network formed by sample enterprises obviously consists of several main clusters:Electronics, electrical equipment, IT cluster; Motor vehicles cluster; Chemicals cluster; Pharmaceuticals cluster; Household and Personal Products cluster; Aerospace and defense cluster, etc.. Three decades evolution network presents three feathers:An increasing number of firms get into the network. New clusters emerge, such as Food and Finance. Different industries and enterprises’technology tend to be integrative, such as merging of electronics and automotive etc..Three pivotal points in the network are explored deeply:GE, Dupoint, Oracle. From the analysis through IPC, GE is the typical case of diversified financials, Dupoint could supply the chemical materials with high quality for numerous fields. Establishing information technology platform for enterprises should be one of the main factors for Oracle’s success,as the internet pervades.更多还原