【作者】 李丽；

【导师】 南玉霞；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 国际法学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 摘要：随着信息技术的发展和全球经济一体化时代的到来,传统知识在平衡国际利益、维护生物多样性与文化多样性、促进国际社会公平发展和提高国际社会发展效率等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,在国际社会范围内引起了广泛关注。但是,由于传统知识产生时,类似现行的知识产权制度还没有建立起来,因此,传统知识一直游离于法律保护的边缘。部分发达国家往往免费或以极低代价利用传统知识制成产品或技术并申请专利保护,获取丰厚利润,然而作为传统知识来源的发展中国家不仅不能获取利益甚至对这些知识的使用也受到限制,这种不当利用的现象使得传统知识的存续面临严重威胁。因此,研究在国际范围内如何保护传统知识,将其纳入现代知识产权制度具有重要的理论和实践意义。本论文主要从传统知识的法律界定入手,对其特征和本质进行了概括,然后在比较分析国际社会保护传统知识现状的基础上,论证了在TRIPS框架下对传统知识进行知识产权保护的必要性和可行性,进而提出了在TRIPS框架下构建法律保护制度的设想,即以利益平衡为支点,确立事先知情、利益分享和合理使用例外的三大基本原则,积极确立传统知识持有者的权利,同时加以消极保护,并辅之以合理或正当使用的例外。笔者希望可以通过构建这样一个以消极保护为主、积极保护为辅,以合理使用例外为补充的多重、立体的保护机制,达到既可以保护传统知识所有者的利益,同时也可以鼓励各国合理、积极地使用传统知识,使之存续并得到进一步的发展和完善的目标。论文的最后着眼于我国的实际情况,结合我国作为一个传统知识丰富的发展中大国的实际,对我国目前传统知识保护方面的现状进行了分析,同时,比较和借鉴其他国家或地区的立法和司法实践,对在我国国内构建传统知识的保护制度、积极推动国际立法进程等提出了建议,以增强我国在知识产权领域的竞争力。更多还原

【Abstract】 ABSTRACT:With the development of information technology and the global economic integration, traditional knowledge plays an important role in balancing international interest, maintaining of biological and cultural diversity, promoting the social equity and improving the social efficiency. However, when the traditional knowledge appeared, the current intellectual property right system did not established, so it did not protected by the law. These years, some developed countries used traditional knowledge with free or very low cost to develop new products or technology, and gaining a lot of profits, however, as the knowledge source, developing countries can not only sharing the profits, but also restricted their right of use, this improper use poses grave risks to the existence of traditional knowledge. Therefore, the research on the protecting of traditional knowledge by using intellectual property system has important significance in both theory and practice.This thesis starts from the legal definition of traditional knowledge. Through summarizing its features and nature, and analyzing the current protecting situation of the international community, this thesis argues the feasibility of constructing legal protection system of traditional knowledge in the TRIPS, and then put forward some ideas. That is, based on the balance of interests, we should confirm three basic principles, including the prior informed consent, benefit sharing and the exception of fair use. Through confirming the ownership of the traditional knowledge’s owner, supplying negative protection and making some exception, this system will provide optimum all round protection. And this system can not only protect the interest of the owners of traditional knowledge, but also encourage the international community to use the knowledge reasonably and actively, make sure it can develop sustainably. The last part of the thesis is about China. China is a developing country which abundant in traditional knowledge, so based on this reality, the thesis analyzes the current situation of China’s protection of traditional knowledge. Meanwhile, for enhancing our competitiveness in the field of intellectual property rights, this paper also compares other countries and regions’legislation and judicial practice, gives some advices about how to protect traditional knowledge in our country and how to accelerate the legislative process in the international society, etc.更多还原