【作者】 刘勇；

【导师】 陈学森；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 苹果是世界上最重要的水果之一,以其营养丰富,果形优美,色泽艳丽而深受人们喜爱。中国是苹果的原产地,品种种质资源丰富,生态条件优越,土地资源广襄,市场容量巨大,具有非常大的持续发展优势和潜力。国光苹果具有晚熟、风味好及抗逆性强等特点,近年来国光苹果的风味品质尤其受到消费者的青睐,但其外观即着色差一直是限制其进一步发展的重要因素。果实的着色状况直接影响到果实的商品价值,而花青苷是形成果皮红色的主要色素,其生物合成过程是一系列的酶促反应结果。花青苷合成与相关酶活性的关系十分复杂,同种酶在不同物种中表现不同,不同植物中调控红色发育的生理机制也有所不同。果实中糖、酸含量和糖酸比是决定苹果品质的最重要的指标。现在我国苹果许多产区,普遍存在的一个问题就是酸含量过高,糖酸比太低。本研究以国光苹果芽变单株为材料,从形态学、果实品质等方面对其进行分析研究,主要结果如下:1、选育出综合经济性状优良的国光芽变品种,改善了国光品种资源。2、通过对国光芽变品种的枝、叶、花、物候特性等生态特性的观察,发现其与对照品种基本一致。3、芽变与国光主要香气成分种类和相对含量也比较接近;但是芽变果实的可溶性糖含量、糖酸比及Vc含量等略高于国光;最重要的是芽变成熟期果皮花青苷含量为132.70 U·g-1FW,而国光果皮的花青苷含量仅为49.40 U·g-1FW,二者差异极显著,这标志芽变着色明显优于国光,前者晕红,后者条红。4、对果皮色素含量及花青苷合成相关酶活性的研究表明,在整个果实发育期间,芽变的花青苷含量明显高于国光,且芽变花青苷的合成早于国光,但二者果皮中叶绿素含量差别不大,且叶绿素的降解与花青苷的大量合成时间上大致吻合;PAL和UFGT两种酶的变化趋势在两个品种间分别表现一致,且酶活性也无明显差异;但芽变的CHI活性基本在整个发育期明显高于国光,而且芽变的DFR活性始终高于国光。5、综上结果可以看出,芽变单株植物学特性与果实性状没有发生明显变异,只是芽变单株着色早,着色好,是国光的一个优良红色芽变品种。更多还原

【Abstract】 Apple is one of the most important fruits, With gorgeous color and luster,beautiful shape, apples are nourishing fruits and people like it very much. China is the original place of apple, with abundant species resources, superior ecosystem condition, wide land and immense market capacity.‘Ralls’apple which has the characters of late maturing, good flavors and strong stress resistance, so has been popular with people. But the appearance and poor colcouration has always been the main limiting factor of its development. Fruits’coloration affects their commodity value directly. Anthocyanin whose biosythesis is series of enzymatic reaction is the major pigment forming the red of pericarp. Its relationship with related enzymes is quite complicated-the same enzyme performs differently in different species, and the regulation mechanism of red pigment development is different in different plants. The contents of sugars, organic acids in fruit and the ratio of sugar to acid are most important quality index of apple. Now, the apple fruits in some producing areas contain too much content of organic acids and too low ratio of sugar to acid. In this study, the sport from was investigated in morphology, fruit quality, and cytobiology.The main results are as follows:1、Select the the bud mutation‘Ralls’which have the fine composite economic trait. And fine to improve the variety natural resources of‘Ralls’.2、From observe the branches, leaves, flowers and phenological characteristics of‘Ralls’apple mutation, we found that the bud mutation and the mother Plant had the same on that index. Through grafting and Pruning test, we found that the bud mutation was a short- branch mutation, and the bud mutation was a periphery chimera.3、The important kinds of aromatic component and relative amount is close to each other;but in the fruit of but mutation the content of sugar, Vc and the ratio of sugar to acid are higher in the‘Ralls’. Anthocyanin content in mature fruits was 132.70U·g-1FW in the latter which was very significantly higher than that in the former (49.40 U·g-1FW).This resulted in the better coloration of the mutation, in which the pigmentation started 60 days earlier than in‘Ralls’.4、From the study on the of the pericarp pigment and the enzyme of the anthocyanin synthesis, we can see that during the process of the fruit development, the content of anthocyanin in bud mutation higher in‘Ralls’and it enzyme earlier. But the two have no different in the content of chlorophyll in pericarp. Activities of PAL and UFGT were almost the same between the two materials, but CHI and DFR activities were significantly higher in bud mutation, which was related to the increase of anthocyanin levels in the mutation.5、Above all, there were no significant in fruit character and bionomics of bud mutation. That only the bud mutation colouring earlier and better, it is a very important red bud mutation of‘Ralls’apple.更多还原