【作者】 王燕；

【导师】 姜兴印；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农药学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 棉蚜Aphis gossypii(Glover)是重要的棉花害虫,其生物学特性使得该害虫极易对频繁使用的杀虫剂产生抗药性。据报道,棉蚜已经对市场上已存在的杀虫剂均已产生不同程度抗性。螺虫乙酯是拜耳公司新发现的一类作用机制独特的杀虫剂,为了探明螺虫乙酯对棉蚜作用活性,明确螺虫乙酯的推广价值和棉蚜对螺虫乙酯的抗性风险,本文对敏感棉蚜进行室内选育,通过浸渍法筛选,研究了螺虫乙酯浸渍法、浸叶法和浸虫法对敏感棉蚜种群、螺虫乙酯筛选种群和抗吡虫啉种群的毒力,浸渍法处理后对棉蚜繁殖力的影响以及螺虫乙酯对棉蚜体内解毒酶、靶标酶、总糖和总脂的影响。研究结果如下:1.毒力测定结果表明:浸渍法测定螺虫乙酯对敏感若蚜药后5天LC50为12.48mg/L,浸叶法药后5天LC50为11.00mg/L,浸虫法对棉蚜若蚜几乎无杀虫效果。三种用药方式均对三个试验种群成蚜杀虫效果也不显著。螺虫乙酯浸渍法和浸叶法对敏感若蚜和抗吡虫啉种群若蚜毒力测定结果相似。此研究结果说明,螺虫乙酯只有被蚜虫取食后才起杀虫作用,触杀活性较低;螺虫乙酯对抗吡虫啉种群也有较好的杀虫活性,因此可以作为抗吡虫啉棉蚜种群抗性治理的替换药剂。2.对棉蚜繁殖力测定结果表明:螺虫乙酯在F0代若蚜期用药或成蚜期用药对棉蚜F0代繁殖力均有较大影响。螺虫乙酯50mg/L成蚜期用药,产蚜高峰时由6.8头降低到1.1头;螺虫乙酯12.5mg/L若蚜期用药,产蚜高峰时由6.8头下降到0.5头左右。螺虫乙酯筛选种群棉蚜产蚜高峰比敏感种群推迟1天,产蚜高峰由6.8头下降到2.1头;试验剂量下,成蚜期和若蚜期用药,三个棉蚜试验种群产蚜数随用药浓度增大而降低。在F0代成蚜期用药,F1代产蚜数依然低于对照且受影响程度随用药浓度增大而增大,但F2代成蚜产蚜数已于对照无显著差异。3.室内抗性选育结果表明:螺虫乙酯50mg/L浸渍法对敏感棉蚜连续室内抗性选育至15代,浸渍法测定若蚜毒力倍数上升1.56倍,浸叶法毒力倍数上升2.24倍,说明棉蚜对螺虫乙酯在试验选育代数内抗性产生缓慢。4.生化测定结果表明:螺虫乙酯处理后,三个试验种群的羧酸酯酶比活力均显著高于对照,乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力和谷胱甘肽转移酶比活力与对照无显著差异;螺虫乙酯筛选种群羧酸酯酶比活力也高于敏感种群。这表明,羧酸酯酶可能在棉蚜对螺虫乙酯敏感性降低过程中起一定作用,乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽转移酶与其无关。螺虫乙酯药后,棉蚜体内总脂占干重的比重显著降低,总糖比重上升。这表明螺虫乙酯抑制了棉蚜体内的脂类合成。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aphis gossypii(Glover) is one of the most important pest on cotton. Its special biological properties makes this pest easy to develop resistance to insecticides used frequenily. It has been reported that cotton aphid had developed serious resistance to various traditional insectieides. For evaluation of the risk for cotton aphids to develop resistance to spirotetramat and understanding the mechanism, laboratory reslstance selection, the toxicity of spirotetramat to wingless adult aphids and larval aphids of the susceptible population, imidacloprid-resistant population and spirotetramat-selected population, aphids fertility affect, resistance mechanism analysis were carrled out in this research. The results as follows:1. The results of toxicity test showed that: the LC50 of susceptible larval aphids was 12.48mg/L by dipping method and 11.00mg/L by leaf immersion, spirotetramat has almost no insecticidal action to larval aphids in pest immersion test. Spirotetramat has low activity to adult apihids in all test. The LC50 of spirotetramat to Aphis gossypii by dipping method were similar to the LC50 of leaf immersion method. The results indicates that Spirotetramat come in to play only be feeding on and has almost no tag activity. Spirotetramat has high activity to imidacloprid-resistant apihids, so can be used as rotation pesticides to control resistance of Aphis gossypii.2. The results of aphids fertility test showed: Spirotetramat affect fertility of F0 aphids when admitioned to larval aphids or adult apihids. When spirotetramat 50 mg/L to adult apihids, the fertility peak of susceptible population droped from 6.8 head to 1.2 head and when admition spirotetramat 12.5 mg/L to larval aphids, the the fertility peak of susceptible population droped from 6.8 head to 0.5 head. The fertility peak of Mowento-selected population were putted off one day compared to susceptible population and droped to 2.1 head from 6.8 head. In this experiment, the fertility of three population were all declined as the administration augment when used spirotetramat to larval aphids or adult apihids. when used spirotetramat to adult apihids of F0, the the fertility of F1 declined as the administration augment ,but the fertility of F2 were not affected.3. The results in laboratory selected populations showed: the test made a 50mg/L spirotetramat selection to susceptible population in the laboratory, after 15 generations, the resistance ratio of larval aphids increased to 1.56 times by dipping method and 2.24 times by leaf immersion. It indicates that the resistance that cotton aphid to spirotetramat developed slowly until selected populations.4. The biochemical results showed: The specific activitiy of CarE was higher than that in susceptible population, the activities of AChE and GST had no difference to susceptible population. The results indicated that CarE played an important role but AChE and GST had no matter to in resistance develop. Spirotetramat can reduce the proportion of total lipids and advance the proportion of total carbohydrate. It indicate that spirotetramat can inhibit the synthetize of lipid.更多还原