【作者】 李霞；

【导师】 孙利天；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着西方社会的发展,传统意义上的产业工人作为“无产阶级”这一群体日益缩小,出现了大量所谓的“白领阶层”。马克思的无产阶级解放理论面临着巨大的挑战。对于这一阶层的定位学术界观点不一,本文通过简单的分析认为“白领阶层”本质上仍然具有“无产阶级”的阶级属性,而且坚信随着国际社会政治经济格局的变化以及先进理论的召唤,“白领阶层”的阶级意识也会觉醒。本文认为对“白领阶层”定位不清的原因就在于把“无产阶级”看作是固定的群体,从而忽略了马克思“无产阶级”概念的动态性。马克思“无产阶级”概念是描述和构造、理论和实践的统一。它是社会现实状况的表达和描述,是一个社会阶级、社会群体总体特征的表达。而且作为一种超越的理想观念,它也构造生成新的社会群体,是一种组织动员的力量,具有实践的构造能力。当代“无产阶级”生存状况的改善在一定程度上也是马克思主义理论学说以及其所指导的无产阶级解放运动的历史成果。在这个意义上,可以说不是马克思的学说错了,而是其在现实上发挥了作用。正是因为发挥了作用才使当年他据以作出判断的现实条件不复存在。所以说,马克思无产阶级解放的理论已经真实地改变了世界。其实,从国际共产主义运动的实践过程看,马克思的无产阶级革命理论遇到的最大挑战是民族主义和工团(联)主义。民族意识往往比阶级意识更有力量,工人阶级也往往会屈从于眼前的、现实的、微小的利益。面对这两种挑战,我们又如何去回应呢?马克思科学社会主义区别于空想社会主义的地方就在于前者指明了无产阶级解放的现实道路,无产阶级解放是马克思主义学说的灵魂,它需要我们面对历史变化,结合新的时代特点,理论建构“无产阶级”概念的新内涵,在现实的历史条件下去客观探索无产阶级解放新的可能。中国特色社会主义道路作为当代中国的马克思主义正是对这一新可能、新形式、新道路所做出的伟大尝试。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of Western society, as the group of“proletariat”, the number of traditional industrial workers increasingly shrank and a large number of so-called“white collar workers”emerged. Marx’s theory of the emancipation of the proletariat was facing enormous challenges. The academic circle has much different attitudes to the position of this class. Based on a simple analysis, this paper holds that the“white collar”still has the class property of“proletariat”essentially and firmly believes that the class consciousness of“white collar”would wake up with the political and economic changes of the international community and the calls of the advanced theory. This paper argues that the unclear position of the“white collar”is because people regard“proletariat”as a fixed group but ignore the dynamics of Marx’s concept of“proletarian”. Marx’s concept of“proletarian”is the utility of description and construction, theory and practice. It expresses and depicts the social realities and the whole characteristics of a social class and a social group. In addition, as a super ideal concept, it also constructs and produces new social groups. It is a force of mobilization and organization and has practical constructing ability. The improvement of the contemporary proletariat’s living conditions is the historical results of Marxist theory and the proletarian liberation campaign directed by it to some extent. In this sense, it can be said that Marxist theory is not wrong but plays a role in its reality. It is its role that makes the real condition which was judged by Marxist theory non-existent. Therefore, Marx’s theory of emancipation of the proletariat has truly changed the world. In fact, from the practice process of the international communist movement, the biggest challenges that Marx’s theory of proletarian revolution faced are nationalism and syndicalism. National consciousness is often more powerful than class consciousness and the working class often succumbed to the immediate and practical minor interests. Face these two challenges, how can we respond them? The difference of Marx’s scientific socialism from Utopian socialism is that it points the realistic way to the emancipation of the proletariat. Proletarian liberation is the soul of Marxist theory and it requires us to face the historical changes, theoretically construct the new connotation of the concept of“proletariat”and objectively explore the new possibilities for proletarian liberation in the realistic historical conditions. As Marxism in contemporary China, socialist road with Chinese characteristics is the great attempt on the new possibility, new form and new road.更多还原