【作者】 李越；

【导师】 冯彦君；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 法律， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 食品工业是人类的生命产业,也是最为重要产业。食品生产关系到国家和社会的稳定和发展,关系到人民的生命安全和身体健康。随着我国的食品工业规模的壮大,一些重大的食品安全事故也较为频繁的发生,给人民群众的生命财产造成很大损失。这表明我国的食品安全监管还存在一些问题,需要我们引起足够的重视,并提出可行的措施来改善现状。本文从“三鹿奶粉事件”出现的原因入手,来探究我国食品安全监管之不足,研究国内外食品安全监管体制与机制的发展现状,借鉴国外食品安全监管较为成熟的经验,结合我国的国情提出切实可行的食品监管对策,以此来尽量减少食品安全事故发生的概率。本文以分析现状提出问题,分析问题原因以解决问题的思路,提出可行对策或建议。本文由四章论述我国的食品安全监管完善的构想。第一部分介绍食品安全的相关概念包括法律上食品的概念及特征,食品安全的概念,食品安全监管的概念及特征。第二部分评析我国食品安全及安全监管的现状,主要介绍我国食品工业和食品安全的现状,从制度层面介绍我国食品安全法律体系的现状,从实际的操作运行层面来介绍食品安全监管的现状。第三部分分析当前我国食品安全监管存在的主要问题,首先从法律制度层面分析,食品安全监管的法律法规不完善,食品安全标准体系不健全,食品安全标准存在空白和标准之间存在混乱。其次,分析食品安全的监管机制存在的问题,主要存在于监管部门存在多方监管、重复监管问题,也出现特殊领域无部门监管现象。跨地监管监管难问题,发生在某一地域或某一环节的食品安全问题由于牵涉其他地域或相关部门职能而不能快速有效的解决,甚至酿成食品安全问题造成的损失进一步扩大。再次,分析我国监管方式存在的主要问题,缺乏食品安全预警机制、食品安全风险评估机制,食品安全检验检测机制存有不足。最后,分析执法监督的不足,信息来源少,监督处罚力度不够。第四部分通过借鉴国外较为成熟的监管体制与机制并针对我国的国情提出相应对策,构想我国食品工业安全监管之完善。首先,完善食品安全法律体系,结合各地方具体情况制定具体、详细规范,贯彻执行《食品安全法》,在实践中更具操作性;也可以针对某一类食品从农田到餐桌,从原料采集到生产、销售、消费作出全面完整的规定,如酒类、乳制品等。食品安全监管体系应当是一个完整的、内部之间无实质矛盾的法律体系。加快食品安全标准体系建设,制定食品质量卫生的安全标准尽快与国际标准接轨,这是当前食品贸易全球化的趋势,更是人类对食品质量,营养需求的标志,但要保留且坚决不打破我国传统食品和民族食品的特殊做法及口味、营养。完善检验检测体系,减少相关人为因素对食品安全质量的检测干预,以仪器的检测数据为准,保证检验检测中心的中立性和权威性。其次,改进食品安全监管模式,建立相对集中的监管模式,按照食品的类别划分由某一部门进行全程监管,这样会解决监管盲区的问题。如农业部监管面粉,小麦、蔗糖、淀粉、水产品等农产品、水产品及基础加工品。建立权威的协调机构,提高食品安全委员会的行政级别,协调并监督其他食品安全监管的执行部门,防止部门之间执行监管的矛盾冲突和行政垄断。再次,建立风险评估和风险管理分离的监督管理机制,提高风险评估机构的中立性和科学性,风险管理会更有效力。最后,从宏观和微观方面改进监管方式,从我国食品安全监管体制和机制的角度提出完善之构想。更多还原

【Abstract】 The food industry is the life of human industry, is also the most important industries. Food production on the country and social stability and development, related to people’s lives and health. With the scale of China’s food industry grow, some major food safety accidents have also occurred more frequently, this gives people a larger loss of life and property caused. This indicates that China’s food safety supervision are still some problems, we need to attract enough attention, and put forward feasible measures to improve the situation. This article from the "Sanlu milk powder incident "appears to explore the causes of inadequate food safety regulatory mechanism, Domestic and international food safety regulatory mechanism of current development, Food Safety from abroad experience the more mature,China’s national conditions combined with a practical food regulatory measure, in order to minimize the probability of occurrence of food safety incidents. This situation raised by the analysis of the problem, analyze problems in order to solve the problem because the idea of , measures or proposals put forward feasible.This article discusses the four chapters of the comprehensive concept of food safety supervision. The first part introduces the concept of food safety, including laws related to the concept and characteristics of food, the concept of food safety, food safety regulation and characteristics of the concept, the second part of the safety assessment of food safety and regulatory status of, focuses on China’s food industry and food security status. From the system level description of the status of the legal system of food safety, from a practical operational aspects of the operation to introduce the status of food safety supervision.The third part of the analysis of the current food safety supervision of the main problems.First of all aspects of the legal system, supervision of food safety laws and regulations are incomplete, inadequate food safety standard system, gaps in food safety standards and the confusion between the standard. Secondly, the analysis of food safety problems in the regulatory mechanism, mainly in the existence of multiple regulatory supervision, the monitoring of repeat, also there are special areas of the phenomenon of non-sector monitoring. Difficult problem to control cross-regulation. In a certain region or a part of the food safety issues or because the relevant departments involved in the functions of other regions can not be resolved quickly and efficiently, Even lead to food safety problems caused further losses. Again, the analysis of main problems regulatory approach, the lack of food security early warning mechanism, Mechanism for food safety risk assessment, food safety inspection system inadequacies. Finally, the lack of law enforcement supervision, fewer sources of information, supervision and punishment is not enough. Part IV is more mature from abroad through the regulatory system and mechanism for China’s national conditions and countermeasures, idea of the perfect food industry safety supervision. First of all, improve the food safety law system, with local specific conditions of each specific and detailed specification, Implement the "Food Safety Law, " more operational in practice; Can also target a certain type of food from farm to table, from raw material acquisition to production, sales and consumption to make full and complete requirements, Such as alcohol, dairy products, etc. Food safety regulatory system should be a complete, no real contradiction between the internal legal systerm. To speed up food safety standards system, the development of food quality and hygiene safety standards with international standards as soon as possible, then the current trend of food trade, it is human food quality, nutritional needs of signs, however, determined not to be retained and to break the traditional food and ethnic food practices and the special taste, nutrition. Improve the inspection and testing system, to reduce human factors related to food safety and quality of the intervention, subject to equipment inspection data, inspection and testing centers to ensure the neutrality and authority. Subject to equipment inspection data, inspection and testing centers to ensure the neutrality and authority, secondly, to improve food safety regulatory approach, to establish the relative concentration of the regulatory approach, in accordance with the type of food for the entire regulation by a department, this will solve the problem of blind spot monitoring, such as the ministry of agriculture supervision of flour, wheat, sugar, starch, fish and other agricultural products, processed aquatic products and infrastructure. Establish the authority of the coordinating body, improve food safety committee of the administrative level to coordinate and oversee the implementation of other food safety supervision department, to prevent conflicts between departments and administrative monopoly. Again, the establishment of separate risk assessment and risk management supervision and management mechanism, improve risk assessment of the neutrality of scientific institutions, risk management would be more effective. Improve risk assessment of the neutrality of scientific intitution, risk management would be more effective.更多还原