【作者】 张慧；

【导师】 田锐生；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以虹影的几部长篇作品《饥饿的女儿》《好儿女花》《我们时代的爱情》《英国情人》《阿难》《孔雀的喊叫》《上海王》《上海之死》《绿袖子》和一些短篇小说为主要研究对象,以文本细读的方式,深入到作者的内心深处和文本的话语底层,去感悟作品中人物的内心世界和作者的创作内在的韵律——孤独与叛逆。从《饥饿的女儿》和《好儿女花》入手,解读虹影独特的精神世界的形成:父亲和母亲是虹影的精神世界构成的首要条件。因为是私生女,受别人的白眼,从小就没得到多少爱,父母对她爱少恨多,她渴望父爱可是却得不到。她说:“与男人的关系全是建立在寻找一个父亲的基础上的。”这就注定了她不会得到幸福的。母亲是逃婚来的,结过两次婚,她是母亲和一个小母亲十岁的男人相爱的结果。所以母亲叛逆的秉性遗传给了虹影,让她的精神世界既孤独又叛逆。身体和精神的双重饥饿让她越来越难以忍受,于是她就选择了出走来满足自己的欲望。《饥饿的女儿》中那个十八岁的女孩子勇敢地选择出走,用叛逆的姿态来倔强地对抗这个世界。那是她的生命所在,所有的记忆都源于那里。精神和肉体的双重饥饿,让她决心有自己的追求,这种饥饿感也正是她写作的艺术源泉。虹影是一个具有原罪意识的人。母亲为了她,不舍得给亲戚钱,让那个亲戚活活饿死了,母亲时常提起这件事,让虹影感到自己是有罪的。根据《圣经》上原罪的故事,我们知道原罪是人类普遍都有的罪过,只不过大多数人意识不到。所有的欲望背后都是因为孤独。她在很多小说中都毫不掩饰地彰显性,虹影表面是在写性,其实在追求一种爱和性的统一。一个孤独的人是经常会考虑死的问题的,虹影从小就经历过看过别人的死亡,所以她的死亡观是很开明的。她觉得许多作家选择死,与其说是绝望,不如说是坚持了自己的选择权。人生犹如风中的花,随时都有可能凋零。虹影是一个有着强烈死亡欲望的人,她不仅一次又一次濒临死亡,而且幻想过要去死。南岸水上漂着死尸是经常见到的,从小虹影就跟死联系在一起。以孤独主题为视角关照虹影作品的情感世界,深入透视痛苦和叛逆表面背后灵魂的孤独;在现代社会孤独成为了一种生活状态,然而孤独也有不同的形式和根源,虹影小说中有以下几种孤独的形式:无法沟通的孤独。许多孤独都是因为无法沟通才形成的。两个经常在一起的人也会感到孤独,是因为没有很好的沟通。在虹影的作品中有很多异国恋,像《英国情人》《岔路上消失的女人》等都是因为不理解对方的文化,而造成的无法沟通的孤独感。两个人相爱的最终结果不是分离就是死亡。童年无爱的孤独。借助小说,虹影表现了自己从小的经验,随时可以出现父亲母亲的影子,可见小时候的经验是孤独感形成的重要因素。远离尘世的孤独。谁都不能做到像庄子那样逍遥于天地间。这种远离尘世的孤独,是至高无上的孤独。没有够博大的胸襟是做不到的。虹影不是这样的人,她作品中也没有这样的人物,可是这种孤独是存在的。自愿追寻的孤独。卡夫卡是一个自愿追寻孤独的人,虹影也是,虽然她的小说里都有很多不得不孤独的人物,可是在她自己的生活里却是一个自愿追寻孤独的人。叛逆精神是一种反抗与抗争,在困境中这种精神赋予人一种力量——要求改变。萨特的哲学基础就是“存在先于本质”,人首先是存在的,本质是人加入的,在不断的选择中形成了人的本质。萨特让人有了活力,在困境中抗争的希望。虹影欣赏他,她的经历也印证了他的哲学思想。欲望是原始的种子,心灵的胚胎。人类之所以能进步都是因为有欲望的存在。在中国,许多年来都是压制欲望的,认为欲望是众恶之源,所以禁止所有欲望,特别是性欲。可是,自从弗洛伊德的精神分析学传入中国,性欲是一切力量之源,是一种创造力。女性主义就是对自身的发现,发现自己的欲望,重视自己的价值。出走有两种形式,一种是离开原来的地方,一种是离开自己心的轨道。女人救赎自己的方式之一就是出走,离开家庭,去寻找一种全新的生活。人就是各种可能的集合体,也是各种矛盾的集合体,既想摆脱旧的习惯又依赖旧的东西。虹影小说中的人物,大都经历过出走,可是出走之后都是徘徊在感情的荒原上,找不到自己灵魂的皈依之处。出走之后,既找不到去路又找不到归路,只有徘徊再徘徊。通过对上海系列《上海王》、《上海之死》中的典型人物解读具体分析女性在孤独和叛逆中的表现,以及在困境中如何完成自我独立的。如筱月桂和于堇。并且通过对《绿袖子》的解读,阐释自己对生存与自我的理解,说明建立两性和谐的必要性。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article is under Hong ying’s long works“The hungry daughter”“Good children flower”“United Kingdom lover”“Anan”“Peacock’s crying”“Shanghai King”“Shanghai’s death”“Green sleeves”and some short stories as main research objects.In the way of fine reading, go deep into the author of inside and utterance of the text, to realize the works floor in the inner world and author of inner rhythm—loneliness and treason.From“The hungry daughter”and“Good children flower”,we can interprete Hong ying’s unique spiritual formation:Father and mother is the first condition of Hong ying’s spirital world constitution. Because she is a illegitimate daughter, the eyes of others, didn’t have much love since childhood, her parents are much hater than love her, she longed to love but do not have accessed to. She said:“the relationship between her and man was established on the basis of searching for a father.”It’s doomed she does not deserve to be happy. Mother was marriage but escaped to, had twice marry, she was the result of the love of mother and a man who was ten years younger than mother. Mother’s treason nature was passed on to Hong ying , so she is lonely and treasonable.Double hunger of the body and spirit makes her more and more unbearable, so she chose to run away to satisfy her desire.“The hungry daughter”in the departure of the 18 year old girl brave choice, rebellious attitude against the world. It was her life, all memories are originated from there. Mental and physical double of hunger, so she decided to have its own pursuit, this hunger is also the source of her writing and art.Hong ying is a person who has a sense of original sin. Mother did not give money to relatives, were burned alive and starved by the relatives, mothers often mentioned this matter, was felt by Hong ying is guilty. Under the original sin on Bible stories, we know that original sin is the universal human sin, but most people don’t realize.All the desires are behind loneliness. In her many novels are no secret to reveal sex. Hong ying is written sex on the surface, in fact, is the pursuit the unity of love and sex.A lonely man is often considered the question, Hong ying from childhood experience had seen the deaths of others, so her death was very open-minded. She felt that many writers choose to die, is not so much despair, rather than insist on their right to choose. Flower of life is like the wind, are likely to die at any time. Hong ying is a person who has a strong desire of death, she once again not only died, but fantasies have to die.The dead bodies are often seen on South Bank, Hong ying was contacted with death from childhood.In the way of the perspective to care works of Hong ying’s emotional world, in-depth perspective on pain and loneliness of the soul behind the surface of treason; in modern societies loneliness became a state of life, yet loneliness has different roots.In this part we analyse Hong ying’s novels some forms of loneliness:Loneliness of being unable to communicate with others. Many loneliness is because unable to communicate with others. Two regular people will feel lonely, because they don’t have good communication. Hong ying’s works have a lot of exotic love, like“the United Kingdom lover”“the woman disappeared on the bifurcated way”.This is because they do not understand each other’s culture, unable to communicate with others,then results loneliness. The end of two people in love is separation or death. Loneliness of loveless childhood. With the novel, Hongying shows of her own childhood experiences, shadow of the father and mother can occur at any time, visible childhood experiences are important factors in the formation of loneliness.Loneliness of far from the world . No one can be as happy as Zhuangzi in the world. This loneliness of far away from the earth, is sovereign loneliness. No broad mind enough no to do. Hong ying is not such a person, she also does not have the figures in the works, but this lonliness is existence. Loneliness of voluntary pursure. Kafka is a voluntary searching loneliness person, Hong ying also is.Although many people had to be lonely in her novel, but in her own life, she is a voluntary searching loneliness woman.To grasp Hong ying works in the overall emotion, it is a lonely emotion transmigration again the wasteland between the desire and pain: regardless of the exodus where, if the heart can’t find somewhere to stability, where emotional wasteland are wandering alone.Spirit of rebellion is a rebellion and protest, this spirit gives people power--demand change. Sartre’s philosophy is on the basis of“exists prior to nature”, people first of all there is, the nature is a human to put in it. Continuous formation in the choice to form human nature. Sartre let people have hope in life, and let people fight for world. Therefore, Hong ying appreciate his philosophica ,and her experience also confirms his philosophical thinking. Departure of her nature is again giving yourself, changing her plight. Therefore, the characters in her novels is constantly running away, again to find their own, given their nature.Desire is the original seed, embryo of the mind. Progress of human reason is because of the desire existence. In China, many years were suppressed desires, that desire is the source of all evil, so all desires, especially sexual desire. However, since Freud’s psychoanalysis go into China, we know that sexual desire is the source of all power, is a kind of creativity. Discovery of feminism is on its own, found his desire, pay attention to their value. Hong ying wrote the works of many unhappy love, also wrote many sexual desire. Exodus comes in two forms, one is leaving its place, one is to leave their heart track. No matter what form of running away is the desire upset people to choose running away.Woman to save himself one way was to run away, leaving the family to find a new life. Woman wanted to leave both men want to have accompanied man, this is the contradiction of human nature. Collection of people is possible, is also a collection of various conflicts, both want to get rid of old habits but rely on the old things.People in Hong ying’s novels, most experienced running away, but after running away,they have to wander in the emotional wasteland, where conversion to his own soul. After running away, both way could not be found and not found return, only wandering again.Through the series in Shanghai“the King of Shanghai”,“the death of Shanghai”interprete typical characters in specific performance analysis women alone and treason and the dilemma of how to complete the self-independence.For exmple,Xiao yuegui and Yu Jin. And by the interpretation of the Green sleeves, illustrate their survival and self-understanding, illustrate the necessity of establishing harmony between the two sexes.更多还原