【作者】 赵磊；

【导师】 任东景；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 知识分子问题一直是党和国家领导人重视的问题,毛泽东作为中国马克思主义的先驱,对如何对知识分子进行思想政治教育,在方法论上作了有益的探索。本文以马克思主义为指导,采用文献法、归纳法、横向分析比较法,借鉴了哲学、历史学、教育学、心理学、政治学等相关学科的研究成果。本文分七部分来研究毛泽东对知识分子思想政治教育的方法:第一部分,关于知识分子的界定。这部分从三方面入手:1.知识分子的定义;2.知识分子的类型:(1)按照知识的领域,可以把人类知识划分为自然科学、社会科学和人文科学三大门类;(2)根据知识分子的雇佣关系,即受雇于谁,为谁的利益服务,可以分为,帝国主义知识分子、封建主义知识分子、官僚资产阶级知识分子、民族资产阶级知识分子、小资产阶级知识分子、无产阶级知识分子;(3)从统一战线工作的对象出发,可以分为党内知识分子和党外知识分子。3.特征。知识分子是脑力劳动者;是一个非独立的社会阶级或阶层,但有不同的阶级属性;是中国革命的先锋;第二部分,关于毛泽东对知识分子进行思想政治教育的必要性研究。1.思想转化的发生机制使然;思想意识一旦形成就具有相对的独立性,一般要用理论灌输和实践转化。2.知识分子本身的弱点使然;知识分子没有独立的经济基础,知识分子易于动摇游离且有些散漫。3增强同知识分子的统一战线;知识分子是个有文化的阶层,革命的成功离不开知识分子。4.建国后重建意识形态的需要;5.巩固新生政权的需要:巩固新建的无产阶级政权和防止西方对我国的颠覆和渗透。6.发展社会主义事业,确保社会主义建设的正确方向。第三部分研究毛泽东知识分子思想政治教育方法所共同遵循原则。1.科学性和方向性相结合的原则;2.理论和实际相结合的原则;3.解决思想问题与解决实际问题相结合;4.民主原则; 5.层次原则;6.激励原则。第四部分研究毛泽东知识分子思想政治教育基本方法。这部分分十部分研究:1.理论教育法;理论教育法依据意识的相对独立性特点,采用讲授讲解法、理论学习法、理论宣传法、理论培训法来打破原有意识的独立性,灌输新的思想意识;2.实践教育法;毛泽东实践教育法主要依据意识与实践的相互作用关系,提出了与工农群众结合、劳动教育法、社会调查法三种方式;3.自我教育与互相教育相结合;4.知识分子与人民群众相结合; 5.红与专相结合;关于红与专的思想,毛泽东认为“专”是“红”的前提,是内容,离开“专”的“红”是抽象的空洞的;同时,“红”为“专”提供价值和意义方向。6.思想工作与物质利益相结合;7.感染教育法;8.寓理于情,说服教育;9.典型示范,发挥榜样作用。第五部分研究其历史作用。分三部分研究:1.团结了知识分子,增强了中华民族的凝聚力;2.推动了新民主主义革命的胜利;3.促进了知识分子建设新中国的积极性。第六部分研究毛泽东对知识分子进行思想政治教育的方法在实践中的偏差及其纠正。这部分分四部分研究:1.“红专”理论中,由过度强调思想的政治性到两者的平衡发展;2.由过去与工农结合的过程中出现了单纯的劳动改造现象到现在的科学的利用劳动作为人全面发展的一种手段;3.建国后批评和自我批评在一定程度上成了批判和自我否定到现在的重新回归其本意;4.“上山下乡”运动由终结到当代的嬗变。第七部分研究其当代价值,分三部分:1.有利于培养高素质的知识分子;2.为化解当代知识分子面临的各种矛盾提供了启发;3.有利于使知识分子发挥在社会主义建设中的主体作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our Party and government pay great attention to the intellectuals’issue .Mao Zedong ,as a pioneer of the Marxism, probed the methodology of ideological and political education well to intellectuals.My passage derected by the marxism,uses the literature method, induction method, analysing and comparing by cross direction method,and benefits from the probing fruits of philosophy,history, pedagogy, psychology, political science,and so on.My passage from seven parts probes the Mao Zedong’s Methods of Ideological and Political Education to Intellectuals .Part one, seting measure to the Intellectuals from three parts.First, the definition.Second,the types. In this part,according to the field of the knowledge,the knowledge of the humanity can be assorted into natural science, social studies and human studies;on the basis of the relationship of the intellectuals’employment,that is who they are employed to,they are imperialist, bureaucrat bourgeois, national bourgeois, petty bourgeois,proletarian;from the object of the united front ,the intellectuals can be classified into the Communist Party’s and the non-Communist Party’s.Third,the characteristic. The intellectuals are brain labors;they are not independent class or stratum ,but own different class attributes;and they are the pinior of the chinese revolution.Part two,about the necessity on the Ideological and Political Education to the intellectuals from six parts.First,it is maded by the transformation mechanism of the thought.Once the ideology formed,it has the relative independence.We must imbue the theory to the intellectuals and use the practice to change them.Second,it is inquired by the weaks of the intellectuals. The intellectuals have not the independent foundation of the economy,they are lible to sway and undisciplined.Third, strengthen the united front with the intellectuals.The intellectuals belong to the literitual class,and the victory of the revolutionary cannot be realized without them.Fourth,restructing the ideology of the new nation;Fifth, strengthen the state political power,Provent the reactionaries from destroying our state political power and protest against the Western nation overthrowing and seeping; sixth,developing the career of Socialism,ensuring the right direction of the Socialism.Part three,probing the common principles on the methodology of ideological and political education to the intellectuals from seven parts.First,the principle of the combination of the science and direction .Second, the combination of theory and practice.Third, the combination of solving the thought’s problem and reality. Forth,to be practical-mended.Fifth,democracy.Sixth,level principle.Seventh,encora- ging.Part four,probing the fundamental methods on the methodology of ideological and political education to intellectuals from ten parts.First, the theory education method.Based on the relative independ traits of the ideology, in the theory education we use teaching method,studying theories, propagating theories,thory training to break the relative independ traits of the ideology, imbue new theories.Second,the practice method. Mao Zedong’s method of practice is based on the interact-relationship of the ideology and practice .He put forward the joint of the education and the workers and farmers,education by labor ,and social investigation.Third, combination of the education and self education.Fourth, combination of the intellectuals and the mass;Fifth, firm political position and superb professional knowledge. About the joint of the firm political position and superb professional knowledge,he think the latter is the prerequisite and content of the former.Without the superb professional knowledge,the firm political position is abstraction and hollow.But the firm political position supplies value and sense to the superb professional knowledge.Sixth,the combination of thought transformation and the benefits;Seventh, infection education.Eighth,the combination of reason and feeling,and education with persuading.Ninth, to demonstrate with typical examples and bring the example into full play.Tenth, educated youth working in the countryside and mountainous areas.Part five,probing the practice deviations of Mao Zedong’s methods to the intellectual and the correction to them from four parts.First,in the theory of the combination of the firm political position and superb professional knowledge ,it was from the overemphasis to the thought politics to the balanced development both of them ;Second, from the transformation by the single labor to the use of it scientifically as a way to realize the people’s all-round development ;Third, to some extent, criticism and self-criticism turned into criticism and negation after the founding of the People’s Republic of China,but now it returns. Fourth,from the end of movement of the educated youth working in the countryside and mountainous areas to the tansformation .Part six,probing the effect of the methods in the history from three parts.First, it unites the intellectuals ,enhance centripetal force;second,it pushed forward the victory of the New Democracy;third,it encourages the intellectuals’s activity in the construction of the new China.Part seven,probing the methods’value to the contemporary era from three parts.First,it is good for developing the high-quality intellectuals ;second,it give us some edifications to solve the problem that the intellectuals meet;third,it is good for the intellectuals bring their objective effect into play in the Sociolism construction.更多还原