【作者】 王媛；

【导师】 许红霞； 马华民；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 刑事诉讼法， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在现代法治国家中,刑事诉讼证人拒证权制度是一项重要的法律制度,即指了解并有作证能力的人,因符合法定情形而依法卸除作证义务,不予作证的权利,是人权保障、维护社会安定理念的重要组成部分。刑事诉讼证人拒证权制度是保障证人自主法律地位的要求,保障证人私权利比较弱小的情况下得以能够与国家公权力相抗衡,使得在诉讼程序中公民的信息自决权能够行使。这个制度对各种社会利益价值综合衡量作出的理性选择,也是为了平衡诉讼中证人的权利义务不对等的情况。目前,世界上大多数国家的证据法或者诉讼法典确立了刑事诉讼证人拒证权制度,而我国的刑事诉讼法仅强调证人具有无条件的作证义务,对于拒证权制度没有任何规定。面对司法实践中证人受到亲情关系或者职业关系的影响不愿意接受公安机关的调查,不提供对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人指证犯罪的证据,到庭审时不出庭作证、证人证言演变为书面证言,难以质证等重大问题,部分学者试图从设立证人拒证权制度入手,着力解决这一影响司法改革进程的难题。笔者认为,我们应该赋予特定关系的证人拒证权,以此作为我国刑事诉讼法第48条的例外规定。本文首先从内涵界定、特征、与作证豁免权的区别等方面介绍了证人拒证权,然后通过阐述证人拒证权制度的理论基础,揭示该制度所蕴含的社会基础和现代价值理念,并简要回顾了证人拒证权制度的历史渊源和法律继承的借鉴意义。在比较分析两大法系刑事诉讼证人拒证权制度法律规定内容的基础上,认为我国存在确立该制度的必要性,最后立足于原有的本土化的法律传统以及现行法律的框架范围,尝试提出设立刑事诉讼证人拒证权制度的立法构想,包括证人拒证权的适用范围、程序性保障,例外规定等,期望培育出适合我国社会主义法治建设实践的刑事诉讼证人拒证权制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the modern countries under the rule, the system of criminal litigation witnesses to resist the card right is an important legal system that refers to who has the ability to understand and testimony because of complying with the legal situation ,but unloading testimony duty according to law, has not the right of testimony, and it is an important part of human rights and social stability concept. The system of criminal litigation witnesses to resist the card right is the request that the guarantee of the witness independent legal status, and is the barrier that the private rights of the witness against national public power, and is the performance that citizens have the right of self-determination about information in litigation procedure. This system is not only the comprehensive consideration based on the value of social interests balance, but also legislation consideration based on the balance of witnesses testified obligations and rights, also is the consideration in order to solve the situation that it is difficult for witnesses to appear in court and at the low rate.At present, evidence laws or litigation codes of most countries in the world establish the system criminal lawsuit witnesses to resist the card right, but our country’s criminal procedure law only emphasizes the witness has obligations for unconditional refusing testimony ,and there are any rules for resisting the card right system. Facing the situation that the witness suffers influence about family relationship or professional relationship in judicial practice, who is not willing to accept the investigation of public security organs, and not willing to provide the evidence of criminal of criminal suspects or defendants, not to testify in court, and Witness testimony is changed for Written testimony ,and it is difficult to check evidence and so on. Some academics try to start from establishing the system of resisting the card power , working hard to solve the problem for impacting judicial reform process. The author thinks that we should give resist the card power to specific relation of the witnesses, regard as the exceptions for criminal law article forty-eight.This paper from the connotation definition, characteristics, and the difference between witness immunity aspects introduces the right of witness to resist the card, and then elaborates theory basis about the right to resist the card right system and reveals the virtue of the social basis and modern value concept about the system, and briefly reviews the history origin and legal inheritance significance of witness to resist the card right system. On the comparative analysis on two big law criminal litigation about witnesses to resist the card right system on the basis of law content that our country exists the necessity of establishing the system ,at last based on the original localization of the legal tradition and the current law, try to offer to establish a framework range of criminal litigation witnesses to resist the card right system, including the applicable scope of witness rejecting testimony right system, procedural safeguard, exceptions and so on, expecting to produce witnesses to resist the card power system that is suitable for China’s socialist legal construction practice of criminal proceedings .更多还原