【作者】 赵磊；

【导师】 郑书前；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 民商法学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 开源软件的出现给软件行业带来了巨大的影响,开源软件凭借它自身独特运作方式影响着世界,它独特的运作方式就是公开软件的同时公开软件的源代码,让大家参与修改的方式。源代码是修改软件的“后门”,开放源代码软件公开源代码,让接触到软件并且拥有计算机知识的用户都有机会参与对软件的修改,这样,软件就会在众多爱好者的参与下更加完美,同时在无形中打破了软件行业的垄断。以微软为首的普通软件的开发者们,他们对软件享有绝对的控制权,他们不公布制作软件的源代码,因此,软件的修改、升级只有他们自己能够进行。这就好比进门的钥匙在他们自己手中,别人没办法进去,自然没办法对里边的装修进行评价改进,这样一来,严重影响了分布在世界各地的软件爱好者们对软件的修改、提高的机会,影响了软件的升级速度,对软件使用者们的影响可想而知。又因为软件的制作完全靠软件公司完成,形成了垄断,这样用户需要支出的费用也会比较高,然而,开源软件的兴起正在逐步的改变这样的现状,它公布运算方式,让用户都可以参与到软件的修改中来,广大的用户们成了软件的修改者、发布者。这样,软件的费用会很低,而且效率高,质量更加优质,人们可以用到更完美的软件服务。既然是这样,我们就要研究一下如何更加好的保护开源软件,研究一下现有的保护方式存在的风险,也就是去研究一下开源软件许可证的法律风险问题,最终尝试着用所学知识给发现的风险提一些可行的建议,让开源软件更加茁壮地成长。因为开源软件的违约案例现在还比较的少,没有太多的具体案例可以研究,但是,也正是这样,我们可以通过自己所学,把自己的思维模式放在实际的运行之下进行思索,运用法律人的缜密思维,借助传统的相关制度去堵上漏洞。本文从以下四方面进行研究:第一部分是开源软件的法律风险界定。从开源软件存在的社会基础谈起,而后谈开源软件的界定,让大家清晰了解开源软件与其他软件的区别,再介绍保护开源软件的有效方式——开源软件许可证,最后提出开源软件许可证法律风险问题。作为核心部分的开源软件许可证的法律风险,一方面通过对开源软件许可证法律风险的根源分析,了解开源软件许可证的法律风险;另一方面通过与较为完善保护制度的传统软件许可证比较来谈开源软件许可证法律风险产生的原因,分了四小部分谈了开源软件许可证产生的法律风险。第二部分论述开源软件许可证法律风险内容及应对方案的类型化分析。本部分利用前文的研究结论详细分析了开源软件许可证三个方面的法律风险,分别从无担保条款、后续版权归属、专利侵权三个方面谈开源软件的法律风险内容以及应对方案的类型。第三部分论述了应对开源软件许可证法律风险的知识产权制度的完善。本部分将谈应对开源软件许可证法律风险的知识产权制度完善,应对开源软件许可证法律风险的著作权制度完善,应对开源软件许可证法律风险的专利权制度完善,应对开源软件许可证的商标权制度完善,应对开源软件许可证法律风险的商业秘密制度完善。第四部分论述我国开源软件许可证法律风险应对制度完善的具体建议。从司法实践上的可行性建议谈起,主张以违约起诉代替侵权起诉,仲裁代替诉讼,和解代替仲裁的原则面对司法实践中的具体案件;从制度上的可行性建议角度进行论述,谈了三个具体方面,在制度上做到对开源软件许可证法律风险应对制度的完善,制定国产版本的开源软件许可证,拒绝授予软件专利权,成立相应机构进行有效管理。最后,开源软件许可证的法律风险是完全可以避免的,我国政府应该大力支持开源软件的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The emergence of the open source software has brought tremendous impact to the software industry, when the public feel the unique charm of the open source software, they can also get real benefits from it .The open source software has their own characteristics : it works very differently with common software .This feature affects the world .The ordinary developers of the Microsoft software control the software absolutely, they do not release the algorithms of the software, therefore the modifies and upgrades of the software can be allowed only by themselves. That is the key to the door is in their own hands, others can not entry and improvement the decoration inside. As a result, it takes great affects to the right of improve the software of the enthusiasts around the world, the pace of the software take progress is slow, and we can imagine the impacts to the users of software. The software produced by software companies absolutely, forming a monopoly, so the users must pay relative high expense when they use the software. The rise of the open source software changes this situation gradually. It publishes algorithms, and then users can modify the software, the majority of the users become changers and publishers of the software, so the cost of the software will be lower than before, at the same time, it has high efficiency and quality.People can use more perfect software, so we need protect the open source software better, to explore risks of the protection ways existed now, that is to study the legal risks of the open source software licenses.So I tried to propose some practical suggestions to the risks, these suggestions can help the open source software grows more robust.The case of breach contracts about the open source software is still less now, so we don’t have many specific cases to study. However, we can learn by ourselves, take our own thinking on the operation and to find loopholes and plug the loopholes by using the careful thinking of the legal persons have.This paper studies from four aspects as following:The first part discusses the definition of the legal risks of the open source software. From the social basis of the open source software existence, then talk about the definition of the open source software, so everyone will understand the differences between the open source software and others clearly, to the effective way of protect the open source software -the open source software licenses, and raised the legal risks of the open source software licenses finally.On the one hand analysis legal risk perceptions about the legal risks of open source software licenses by the characteristics of the open source software licenses .On the other hand, talk about the causes of legal risk of the open source software licenses by comparing with the perfect protection system of the traditional software licenses. Take sub-four small talk about the reasons .The open source software licenses can not use the traditional protection system because of its unique features.The second part compared Chinese system and the foreign system of the legal risks of the open source software license. This part analysis the legal risk of the open source software licenses from three aspects: unsecured risk, copyright and patent infringement risks. We can conclude that legal risk can be avoided effectively.The third part discusses using the system of intellectual property to make the system of the risk of the open source software licenses more perfect .This section will talk improving the legal risks of the open source software licensing system by using the system of intellectual property.The fourth part discusses the specific recommendations of the improvement of the legal risks of the open source software license system. From the judicial practice recommendations about the feasibility, rather than prosecution of tort claims to breach of contract, arbitration instead of litigation, arbitration instead of the principle of reconciliation, judicial practice in the face of specific cases; the feasibility of the recommendations from the system discussed, talked about from the three specific areas in the system to do the legal risks of open source software licensing deal with System. To develop domestic version of the open source software license, refuse to grant software patents, establish appropriate institutions to management effectively.Finally, the legal risks of the open source software licenses can be avoided completely. Our government should support the development of the open source software.更多还原