从接受美学看《魔戒》带给读者的多重审美经验

【作者】 赵炜；

【导师】 梅晓云；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 《魔戒》是牛津大学教授约翰·罗纳德·鲁埃尔·托尔金的作品,这部作品是二十世纪西方最畅销的小说之一,小说的第一部于1954年出版,之后在整个西方世界掀起了一场《魔戒》狂潮。《魔戒》自成功推出以来,在全世界范围内已经销售了一亿六千万册。本篇论文通过运用文本分析与接受美学中接受与接受史研究的核心问题——审美经验的研究方法对《魔戒》文本进行分析和研究,运用姚斯设想的与主人公审美认同的五大互动模式分析《魔戒》中的主人公,通过联想式认同模式、钦慕式认同模式、同情式认同模式、净化式认同模式和反讽式认同模式等五大互动模式和《魔戒》文本相结合,选取《魔戒》中的六个主要人物进行分析和研究,这六位主要人物无论从描写的篇幅、深度,还是从对小说的重要性来说都远远胜过了其他人物,这六个主人公分别是护戒小队中的皮平、刚多尔夫、阿拉贡、弗罗多和山姆,同时还包括护戒小队的“影子”成员古鲁姆。通过与主人公的五大互动模式与文本分析相结合,将六位主人公分为“凡人的欢乐与净化”、“英雄的崇拜与钦慕”、“凡人式英雄的同情与净化”以及“吊诡的英雄的反讽”四个部分进行研究,分析出《魔戒》中的六位主人公所引起的欢乐、钦慕、同情、净化以及反讽等五种不同的审美经验。皮平用狂欢节般的快乐为读者带来了娱乐和宣泄,使读者到达了一个与日常世界截然不同的彼岸世界；以刚多尔夫和阿拉贡为代表的英雄人物满足了读者对人类辉煌的历史业绩、罕见的冒险事件和完美爱情的期望；弗罗多使读者产生了无限同情以及由衷的认同感,同时也为读者点亮了希望；弗罗多和山姆的悲剧情感和喜剧宽慰,将读者的心灵与头脑从平日的情感中解放了出来,使读者的心灵得到了净化；古鲁姆为读者带来了现代主义的巨大颠覆性,他破坏了读者一成不变的思考,促进了感知的提炼和批判性的反思。《魔戒》就如同是一个滚滚向前的车轮,他所承载的主人公是朵朵绽放的奇葩,读者在与主人公不同的互动中感受到了多种的审美经验,体会到了各种不同的高峰体验。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Lord of the Rings is a novel worked by Professor John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, Oxford University. Since 1954 being published, it was the most popular novel in the 20th century, and has been sold for about 160,000 copies in the world wide.This thesis used the method known as Textual Analysis and Aesthetic experience research, which is the concept of the research History of Acceptance, to analyses the characters by identifying the five interactive mode of aesthetic which are associative recognition model, Admire-type identification model, Sympathetic type identification model, Purified type identification model and Ironic identification model. This thesis selected six main characters in the works:Pippin, Gandalf, Aragorn, Frodo, Sam and Gollum who is the "shadow" member of the Fellowship of the Ring. The six main characters are the most important people in the novel not only from the depth but also the space. The six characters were divided into four parts to research, "mortal:joy and purification", "hero:worship and admiration", "sympathy and purification of a mortal hero" and "paradoxically hero of irony" were concluded into five different Aesthetic experience, that is, Joy, admiration, sympathy, purification, and irony.Pippin brought the entertainment and catharsis by the happy as Carnival; the readers seem to have reached a different side of the world. By Gandalf and Aragorn as the representative of heroes satisfied the readers’ expectations as glorious history of human performance, the rare adventure event and the perfect love. Frodo made the readers feel the infinite compassion and sincere sense of identity and lighted the readers’ hope at the same time. Frodo’s emotional tragedy and Sam’s comedy relief liberated the readers’ heart and mind from the usual emotion, made the readers’ mind purified. Gollum brought the readers a great subversive of modernism; he destroyed the readers’ rigid thinking, promoted the refinement of perception and the critical reflection. The Lord of the Rings just like a wheel rolling forward, the hero like the wonderful blooming blossoming, the readers had received multiple aesthetic experience and variety of different peak experience in the interaction with the main characters.更多还原