“未富先老”形势下农村养老保障研究

【作者】 李梅；

【导师】 熊晞；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 马克思主义中国化研究， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 自1999年我国进入老龄化社会,老龄化现象日渐引起人们的关注。与老龄化息息相关的自然是养老问题。我国是世界上人口最多的国家,同时也是老年人口最多的国家,如何安顿好如此庞大的老年人的晚年生活,是事关国家安定和发展的大事。谁来养活占总人口比重越来越大的老人,如何养活?自2005年起,国家连续6年提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平,目前全国月人均基本养老金达到1300多元,城市老人的养老已经基本有了保障。而农村老人的养老问题却日益突出出来。我国的第六次全国人口普查结果显示,2010年的中国人口中,城市人口占了49.68%,农村占了50.32%。我国的农村人口还是略大于城市人口。农村老人的养老问题更是提上了日程,农村养老问题是我国养老问题中的重中之重。本文就是重点探讨一下农村老人的养老保障问题。本文共分为四个部分,第一部分,介绍山东临沂李村养老状况的调查情况及有关的分析,主要介绍山东临沂李村的老年人的基本情况和依靠家庭养老的养老状况。第二部分,由李村联系到全国,以李村为事例归结我国农村养老保障普遍存在的问题并进行原因分析,如,家庭养老功能弱化,社会养老发展不足,及出现的空巢老人等问题。分析造成问题的原因,从经济和道德等方面着眼,本文重点是对道德因素的分析,介绍了五四新文化运动和文革十年这两次大事件对传统孝道文化和传统家庭结构和理念的颠覆,以及改革开放后人们价值观念的变迁对我国优秀孝文化的冲击。城乡二元结构下对农村养老的不够重视造成社会养老在农村的发展缓慢。第三部分,由李村养老状况调查引发的一些思考,介绍了我国提前进入老龄化社会,呈现了“未富先老”的特点,分析了我国老龄化提前是计划生育下催生下的产物,将会给我国带了影响,主要是养老的压力,尤其农村养老更显紧迫。以及学者在农村养老模式上的探索,及国外的经验。第四部分,是就农村养老提出一些自己的看法和建议。从经济方面,发展农村经济,增强其养老的内发动力。建立相配套的农村社会养老保障制度和医疗保障制度和最低生活保障制度,加强思想道德教育,转变养老观念。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1999 China has entered the aging society, the growing phenomenon of aging causes for concern. And naturally the aging is closely related to pension issues. China is the world’s most populous country, but also the country with the largest elderly population and how settle the later life of such a large elderly, is a matter concerning national stability and development. Who will feed a growing proportion of the elderly in the total population, and how? Since 2005, the state improve the level of the basic pension for enterprise retirees for 6 years,and the current national average monthly basic pension is 1,300 yuan,so the city’s pension for the elderly has been basically assured. The rural elderly pension problem has become increasingly highlighted. China’s sixth national census shows that China’s population in 2010, urban population accounted for 49.68%, accounting for 50.32% in rural areas. China’s rural population is slightiy larger than the urban populationThe pension problem of rural elderly is on the agenda, the problem of rural old-aged pension problem is a top priority in China. This thesis focuses on the pension of the rural elderly.This thesis is divided into four chapters.The first part, it is mainly about the introduction of the pension investigation of Li Cun of Linyi city in Shandong province and the analysis. introduces the basic situation of the elderly and the situation that the Aged rely on family support. The second part, we conclude the widespread problems of rural old-aged security and the cause analysis in the whole national, such as, the family support weakens, social pension underdevelops, the emergence of the Empty nesters, and elder abuse. Analysis of the causes in economic and moral, this thesis focuses on the analysis of moral factors, introducing the New Culture Movement and the Cultural Revolution years, that these two great events overturned the traditional culture of filial piety and traditional family structure and the concept of subversion, And change of the values after the reform and opening up lashed at the elite culture of filial piety. The insufficient attention to rural old-aged social pension under Urban-rural dual structure caused its slow development in the countryside. The third part, the investment provokes some thinkings. It introduced that China entered the aging society in advance,showing the "old before getting rich"features. It Will impact China a lot, mainly the pressure of pension, especially for the rural elders.And academics in the rural old-age mode of exploration, and foreign experience. The fourth part, the writer make some sugestions on rural pension. On the economic front, the development of rural economy, enhance the power from within its endowment. Establishing supporting systems like medical security system and the minimum living security system, strengthen ideological and moral education, changes in pension concept.更多还原