【作者】 赵清华；

【导师】 刘兵；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 从20世纪70年代开始,西方的翻译研究逐渐从对静态语言学的研究转换成了对功能理论的研究,并且在德国出现了从交际角度出发的功能主义分析方法。其中以维米尔的目的论影响最大。他认为翻译是一种有目的的人类行为。他将翻译看作是有目的的跨文化交际活动,翻译目的决定翻译策略。翻译的过程受到各种因素的综合制约,译文是否“充分”地实现了翻译的目的才是评判译文的标准。然而功能派的另一代表人物诺德却在接受维米尔目的论的基础上指出了该理论中欠考虑的两个方面。一个就是关于文化专有项的翻译,另一个就是译者与原文作者的关系。鉴于此,她提出了“功能加忠诚”这个新概念作为对目的论的补充。文化专有项作为一种对民族文化特征的体现,往往出现在民族性很强的文学作品中,例如我国现代著名的语言大师鲁迅先生的《呐喊》中就包含了大量的极具代表性的文化专有项。然而由于中西方文化存在着巨大的差异。在翻译文化专有项时,译者很难在目的语中直接找到现成的,完全与之对应的表达。因此,在翻译中如何处理文化因素成为一个被广大译者所关注的问题。因此本文用目的论为理论指导来探析文化专有项的翻译策略是有必要的。与以往的对文化专有项翻译策略的研究方法不同的是,本文欲借用艾克西拉对文化专有项翻译理论,来对杨宪益和戴乃迭夫妇翻译鲁迅小说《呐喊》的英译本进行研究。分析其译文中关于文化专有项的翻译是否能用艾克西拉所总结的11种翻译方法去解释。并将逐一分析每一种翻译方法是否符合目的论的三法则或者诺德的功能加忠诚原则。最后再用诺德提出的两种译文文本翻译类型对每一种方法进行归类总结。这也是本篇论文的主体部分。总之,本文试图从一个新的角度,通过分析总结杨氏夫妇在呐喊译文中对文化专有项翻译时所采用的策略,以期能对今后的译者在向西方读者传播中国文化时提供一些参考性建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 1970s, lots of scholars in western countries have shifted their translation studies from static linguistic typologies of translation to functional theory. Meanwhile, in Germany, there appeared a functionalist and communicative approach to the analysis of translation. Among them, the most influential theory is the skopostheorie put forward by Hans J. Vermeer. He holds that translation is a kind of human action with a certain aim. He also considers translation as a purposeful intercultural communicative activity, and the end jusifies the means. Since the process of translation has been restricted by various elements together, whether the translation adequately achieves the skopos is the major evaluation criterion.However, another representative of functionalist approach, Nord pointed out that another two aspects should be taken into consideration in Vermeer’s. One is the culture-specificity of translation models, and the other is about the relationship between the translator and the source-text author. Thus, she put forward a new functional model "functionality plus loyalty" as a supplement to Skopos theory.As an embodiment of national culture, culture-specific items are always presented in classical literary works. For example, there are many culture-specific items in Nahan written by Lu Xun who is known as the distinguished master of language in China. Owing to the cultural differences between Chinese and western countries, translators have difficulties in finding corresponding words and expressions in target language when translating culture-specific items. Therefore, how to translate culture-specific items has been attracting close attention at all times. Consequently, it is necessary for this thesis to study the translation strategies of culture-specific items in the guidance of Skopos theory.Unlike other researches about how to deal with culture-specific items, this thesis intends to apply Aixela’s translation theory of culture-specific items to analyzing the English version Nahan which was written by Luxun and translated by Yang Xianyi and his wife Gladys Yang. It is going to verify whether the Yangs adopted the eleven procedures brought up by Aixela in their translation of culture-specific items. At the same time, the author will use the three rules of skopostheorie and Nord’s functionality plus loyalty model to validate these strategies one by one. Moreover, based on Nord’s two basic typologies of translation, the author classifies and summarizes each of the procedure in succession.In brief, this thesis attempts to sum up the culture-specific items translation strategies that the Yangs adopted in translating Nahan by analyzing some typical examples from a new perspective, so that some significant referential suggestions can be brought up for translators to facilitate their transmission of Chinese culture to western readers in the future.更多还原