【作者】 李楠；

【导师】 刘静敏；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在现代汉语方言的研究中,一般是从语音入手,因为方言语音能够最直接地体现方言的特点。基于此,在淄博方言以往的研究中,研究者大多把研究目标集中于淄博方言的语音研究,如《淄川方言志》、《博山方言研究》等著作均是如此。但是只从语音方面来对方言进行分析是远远不够的,在现代语法的研究中,我们更强调从句法、语义和语用等三个平面来对语言进行研究,这样才能更全面更深入地进行方言的研究。所以本文从句法、语义和语用三个平面来对淄博方言形容词进行深入的研究和分析。全文由引言、本论和结语三个部分构成。引言部分,首先对淄博方言的音系作出概述,根据《中国语言地图集》（1990）,我们认为,淄博南片方言则属于汉语官话大区北方官话区石（家庄）济（南）片聊（城）泰（安）小片,并对淄博方言的声母系统、韵母系统和声调系统及语音特点都作出了简要论述;其次,对课题的研究现状作出述评,从现代汉语形容词和淄博方言形容词的研究两个方面对前人的研究做出总结,并阐述本文的理论基础和研究方法;最后简要说明本文所研究的语料来源。本论是我们论文的重点部分,共包括四章。第一章,淄博方言形容词概述,共分两节。第一节论述现代汉语共同语中的形容词的界定与分类,本文认为:形容词是表示事物性质、状态的词,属于实词中谓词的一类,形容词可以分为性质形容词和状态形容词两类。第二节论述淄博方言中的形容词的界定与分类,本文认为:淄博方言形容词指的是在淄博方言中表示事物性质、状态的词,也包括淄博方言性质形容词和淄博方言状态形容词两类。第二章,淄博方言中的性质形容词。首先我们对淄博方言中的性质形容词作出概述,认为按音节分类,可分为单音节性质形容词和双音节性质形容词两类;描述的对象来划分,可以分为描述人的性质形容词、描述事物的性质形容词和描述人及事物的性质形容词三类。然后我们从句法、语义和语用三个平面来对淄博方言中的性质形容词进行分析。句法方面包括句法分布和组合功能两个方面:从句法分布来讲,淄博方言中的性质形容词可以做谓语、定语、状语和补语,少数情况下做主语和宾语;从组合功能来讲,淄博方言的形容词用“岗kɑη⁵⁵”、“祥（?）iɑη⁵⁵”或“扎tsɑ⁵⁵”来修饰,淄博方言中的单音节性质形容词没有重叠形式,肯定否定形式提问在淄博方言中一律改为“形容词+包”形式。语义方面的研究包括语义指向和语义结构两个方面:从语义指向来讲,淄博方言中的性质形容词可以指向主语、指向宾语、指向谓语、指向受事等;从语义结构来讲,在淄博方言中,起描写作用的性质形容词典型的语义结构模式为“名词+（程度副词）+形容词”,起修饰作用的性质形容词典型的语义结构是“名词+（程度副词）+形容词”或“形容词+名词”,表心理状态的性质形容词典型的语义结构是“形容词+人称代词+补语”。语用方面的研究从形象体验层面、价值评判层面和叙述意向层面来分析淄博方言的性质形容词。形象体验层面,淄博方言中的性质形容词可以通过意义形象和触觉形象来描述事物性质;价值评判层面,淄博方言中的性质形容词可以直接或间接表现价值评判内容;叙述意向层面,淄博方言中的性质形容词所蕴含的叙述者的叙述意向往往要比共同语中的性质形容词更加贴近现实中的复杂微妙的应用。第三章,淄博方言中的状态形容词。首先我们对淄博方言中的状态形容词作出概述,并对淄博方言中的状态形容词作出分类: BA式状态形容词、重叠式状态形容词、带词缀的状态形容词和特殊形式状态形容词,并简要论述了每种状态形容词的形式及特点。然后我们从句法、语义和语用三个平面来对淄博方言中的状态形容词进行分析。句法方面包括句法分布和组合功能两个方面:从句法分布来讲,淄博方言中的状态形容词可以做谓语、定语、状语和补语;从组合功能来看,淄博方言中的状态形容词一部分可以受程度副词修饰,不受副词“不”修饰,不能带补语。语义方面的研究包括语义指向和语义结构两个方面:从语义指向来讲,淄博方言中的状态形容词有些只能指向表人物的词语,有些只能指向表肉眼可见且有颜色的物质的词语,还有些只能指向表有味道或气味的物质的词语;从语义结构来讲,谓语位置的淄博方言状态形容词最常见的语义结构是“名词+形容词”,定语位置的淄博方言状态形容词典型的语义结构就是“（名词/代词）+动词+状态形容词+名词”或“状态形容词+这/那/量词+名词”;状语位置的淄博方言状态形容词典型的语义结构是“名词/代词+形容词+动词”;补语位置的淄博方言状态形容词典型的语义结构是“名词+动词+形容词”。语用方面的研究从形象体验层面、价值评判层面和叙述意向层面来分析淄博方言的状态形容词。形象体验层面,淄博方言中的状态形容词可以通过动作、外表和声音来描述事物性质;价值评判层面,淄博方言中的状态形容词可以直接或间接表现价值评判内容;叙述意向层面,淄博方言中的状态形容词所蕴含的叙述者的叙述意向往往要比共同语中的状态形容词更加贴近现实中的复杂微妙的应用。第四章,淄博方言中的词缀。本章首先阐述了词缀的含义及其性质,词缀可分广义和狭义两种,本文研究的是狭义的词缀,也就是以词根语素为附着对象的词缀,然后从前缀和后缀两个方面来对淄博方言的词缀进行分析和研究。淄博方言的前缀包括以下几类:一、大或精,这二者往往是相对的,一般来说“大AA”代表的是具有积极意义的形容词,与之相对应的消极意义的形容词则用“精AA”来表示;二、巴,淄博方言中的“巴”往往用作名词前缀;三、老,淄博方言中的“老”做前缀一般表贬义或愤怒的感情;四、圪,圪在淄博方言中,既可以做名词前缀,也可以做动词前缀。淄博方言中的后缀包括以下几类:一、[（?）],[（?）]与名词组合做后缀的时候,大致有以下几类:（1）表人体部位;（2）表器物;（3）表人;（4）表时间地点等,而当[（?）]与形容词组合的时候,一般表达的是一种厌恶的情绪;二、巴,在淄博方言中,“巴”做后缀一般有以下几种用法:（1）与动词性词根相结合;（2）与形容词性词根相结合;（3）与名词性词根相结合;三,拉,在淄博方言中,“拉”既可以做动词的后缀,也可以做形容词的后缀;四、在“ABC（?）”式状态形容词中,A为词根,“BC”为词缀,这种形式的形容词一般带有厌恶的情绪色彩;五、在“AABC（?）”式形式的状态形容词中,“A”为词根,重叠后加词缀“BC”;六、“A儿BC（?）”式的状态形容词由单音形容词加儿加双音词缀构成,一般表贬义。结语部分,总结全文观点,概括出淄博方言形容词的总体特色,并提出本文所引发的一些思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modern Chinese dialect research, the general starting from speech, this is the most basic research, because shangrao dialects is most directly reflect dialect can characteristics. But also because of that, in zibo dialect previous studies, researchers most of the research target of speech focused on zibo dialect research, such as "paper studied dialect volunteers", "the boshan dialect research" and so on the work all is so. But in the modern grammar study, we are more stress from syntax, semantics and pragmatics to three plane to study language, so that we can more comprehensive more in-depth for dialect research. So this article from syntax, semantics and pragmatics of zibo dialect three plane to thorough research and adjectives are analyzed. Full text introduction, body, and conclusion by three parts.Preface part of zibo dialect, first made overview, according to the employment of Chinese language atlas "（1990）, we think, zibo south piece dialect belongs to Chinese mandarin regional northern nardarin area stone （home village） Jackie （south） slice chat （city） Thai （Ann） small pieces, and the initials system of zibo dialect final systems and tones system, and has made a phonetic features are also briefly discussed; Secondly, the research status of subject made from modern Chinese education, adjectives and zibo dialect adjectives in two aspects of the research to previous studies, and expatiated in this paper summarizes the theoretical basis and research methods; Finally, the article briefly illustrate the source of the corpus research.The key is we thesis utilized, it includes four chapters part.The first chapter, zibo dialect, is divided into two adjectives overview. The first section discusses the modern Chinese dialect of the definition and classification of adjectives to a conclusion: adjectives say things properties, state in the word, belong to the category, serve and predicate adjectives can be divided into nature adjectives and state adjectives two kinds. The second section discusses the definition of the adjectives zibo dialect with classification, and the conclusion of zibo dialect adjectives refer to in zibo dialect said things properties, state, also include the word of zibo dialect properties adjectives and zibo dialect state adjectives two kinds.In the second chapter, the properties of zibo dialect adjective. First we the properties of zibo dialect, according to outline that adjectives, can be divided into syllables classification one-syllable properties adjectives and two-syllable two kinds, nature adjectives Describe object to differentiate, can divide describe the nature of humans adjectives, describe the nature of things and things adjectives and describe the nature of three adjectives. Then we from syntax, semantics and pragmatics of zibo dialect to three planes were analyzed. The properties adjectives Syntax aspects including syntax distribution and the combination of functions from two aspects: syntactic distribution terms, the properties of zibo dialect, attributive adjectives can do predicate adverbials and complements, minority, make subject and object; Will tell from the integrated functions, zibo dialects of adjectives "?ɑxingshugang k" cheung ? ⁵⁵ ", I ?ɑ⁵⁵ "or" karzai ?ɑ⁵⁵ "to modify the monosyllabic, zibo dialect not overlap form, nature adjectives in zibo negative form certainly questions in simply" adjective + package "form. Semantic research including semantic direction and semantic structure from two aspects: the semantic direction speaking, the properties of zibo dialect can point to point of subject, adjectives, pointing to predicate, pointing to object stiff, etc.; Will tell from the semantic structure in zibo dialect, the nature of describing function within the semantic structure mode adjectives typical for "nouns + （adverbs of degree） + adjective" seasoning, the nature of the semantic structure is typical adjective noun + （adverbs of degree） + adjective "or" adjective + noun, "the nature of mental state adjectives to watch the semantic structure is the typical" adjective + personal pronouns + complements ". The pragmatic aspects of research experience level from image, value judgment level and narrative intention level to analysis the nature of zibo dialect adjective. Image experience level, zibo dialect through meaning the nature adjectives can image and image to describe something touch properties; Value judgment level, zibo dialect of nature adjectives can directly or indirectly performance evaluation content; Narrative intention level, zibo dialect contained by the nature of the narrator adjectives narrative than the common intention often more close to reality of nature adjectives application of complex subtlety.The third chapter, zibo dialect state adjectives. First we the state of zibo dialect, and made an adjective summary of zibo dialect state adjectives make classification: BA type state adjectives, ChongDieShi state adjectives, take affix state adjectives and special form state adjectives, and briefly discusses the form of each state adjectives and characteristics. Then we from syntax, semantics and pragmatics to three planes in zibo dialect state adjectives analysis. Syntax aspects including syntax distribution and the combination of functions from two aspects: syntactic distribution terms, zibo dialect state adjectives can do the predicate, attributive and adverbials and complements; Judging from the integrated functions, the state adjectives part of zibo dialect may be degree adverbs, do not suffer the adverb "no" to decorate, can’t take complements. Semantic research including semantic direction and semantic structure from two aspects: the semantic direction in terms, zibo dialect state adjectives some can only point to form the words, some characters only point to watch visible to the material and color words, some can only point to a watch taste or smell of the material words; Will tell from the semantic structure of zibo dialect, predicate position state adjectives most common semantic structure is "nouns + adjective" of zibo dialect, attributive position state adjectives typical semantic structure is "（noun/pronouns） + verbs + state adjectives + noun" or "state adjective + this/that/quantifier + noun"; Adverbial position of zibo dialect state adjectives typical semantic structure is "noun/pronouns + adjective + verb"; The state adopts the position of zibo dialect is typical of the semantic structure adjectives noun + verbs + adjective ". The pragmatic aspects of research experience level from image, value judgment level and narrative intention level to analysis of zibo dialect state adjectives. Image experience level, zibo dialect state adjectives can through the action, appearance and sound to describe things properties; Value judgment level, zibo dialect of state adjectives can directly or indirectly performance evaluation content; Narrative intention level, zibo dialect state adjectives contains the narrator narrative than the common intention often more close to reality state adjectives the sophisticated applications.In the fourth chapter, zibo dialect affix. This chapter first expounded the meaning and its property, affix to affix can be divided into two broad sense and narrow sense, this paper studies is narrow affix, namely to root for attachment object morpheme affix, then from the two aspects the prefix and suffix of zibo dialect to analyze and study the affix. Zibo dialect prefix include the following categories: one, big or fine, the two often is relative, and generally "big AA" is representative of a positive adjectives, and the corresponding negative meaning with "pure AA is an adjective to show; Second, ba, zibo dialect of "ba" are often used as a noun prefix; Third, the old, zibo dialect "old" derogatory or angry prefix general form of emotions; Four, Ge, Ge in zibo dialect, either a noun prefix, also can do verbs prefix. Zibo dialect the following categories the suffix include: a, [?], [?] with nouns when combined do suffix roughly of the following categories: （1） the table body parts; （2） table artifacts; （3） watch people; （4） watch the location in time, but when combined with adjectives [?], most of the time the expression is a abhor mood; Second, ba, in zibo dialect, "ba" do suffix generally have the following kinds usage: （1） combined with dynamic part-of-speech root; （2） and describe; combine the nominal roots （3） combined with nominal root; Three, pull, in zibo dialect, "pull" can do verbs suffixes, can also do adjectives suffix; Four, in the "ABC ?" type state adjectives, A root, "BC" for the affix, this form of adjectives with the emotional coloring of general disgust; Fifth, in "AABC ?" type forms of state adjectives, "A" for the root, overlap add after affix "BC"; Six, "A son BC ?" type of state adjectives add son by single adjectives add china-bells affix constitute, general table derogatory sense.Epilogue part, summing up the viewpoint, summarizes the general characteristics of zibo dialect adjectives, and puts forward some thinking caused in this paper.更多还原