【作者】 张梅；

【导师】 杨守森；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 丰子恺先生是中国现代文学史和艺术史上一位卓有成就的大师。他不仅在文学、绘画、翻译、音乐等创作领域有所建树,而且在艺术理论,文艺美学、审美教育等学术领域都表现出独特的才华。他信奉佛教,是一名佛教徒,他的宗教信仰必然会对他的人生观,文艺观和艺术教育观产生深远的影响。在他的一生中,艺术与宗教是他精神生活的全部。在丰子恺看来,“艺术的最高点是宗教”。这种文艺思想贯彻了他的一生,并且被他践行。他用佛教的哲学观念指导自己的艺术创作和艺术教育。在艺术审美追求上,他将佛教的精神价值与文艺的精神价值相融合;在艺术理论中,他用佛教的身心修养方式、思维方式、价值观念指导自己的艺术实践。因此,要了解丰子恺的文艺思想,就必须先从他的宗教哲学观谈起。本文试图从佛性情怀入手,以丰子恺的散文、漫画等作品以及相关艺术随笔,艺术理论著作为研究对象,采用分析和归纳的研究方法,通过对其具体的作品和理论的细读,发掘佛教文化与丰子恺的文艺观二者之间的关系,并对其进行了系统的归纳和阐释。本人通过系统地全面地探讨丰子恺文艺观中“宗教与艺术”二者间的关系,力图从中发掘新的内涵,进而为当代文艺美学提供可供参考的价值资料。论文主要分为五个部分:第一部分,主要结合作家的个人成长经历、教育影响和时代背景,分析丰子恺以佛性情怀关照文艺的审美个性如何生成。第二部分,主要阐释佛教精神文化对丰子恺的文艺审美取向的启示:探讨佛教“真善美”的审美理想和丰子恺文艺理想的内在关系;分析佛教重“心性”的文化精神与丰子恺文艺中“尚德”追求的关系;佛教以慈悲为怀,博爱万物的文化精神对丰子恺强调“护生即护心”文艺价值取向的影响。第三部分,主要梳理佛教思想在丰子恺文艺观中的具体体现,包括:首先,在佛教缘起论思想影响下,丰子恺将文艺的产生,归结为“美欲”或者“艺术冲动”的文艺创作观。其次,在文艺的审美态度上,丰子恺直接引用佛教“绝缘”、“有情化”等术语诠释自己的艺术审美态度。再次,分析佛教“真如”思想以及崇尚“禅趣”的审美标准,对丰子恺追求“率真”和“趣味”的文艺品格的影响。最后,分析佛教精神文化对丰子恺所寻求的艺术效果和终极理想的影响,即他所提倡的艺术应当“远功利”、“贵天真”的效果,以及“艺术化人生”和“人生化艺术”的终极理想。第四部分,主要阐释丰子恺在佛性情怀的关照下,将宗教的普世、平等思想延伸到艺术教育实践中。表现为,他提倡“美育与宗教并举”的观念,追求大众化、平民化的教育思想,以提高国民的审美鉴赏水平。第五部分,主要从价值意义和局限性两方面对丰子恺文艺观进行评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 Feng Zikai is a famous artor in the Chinese morden literature and art history. He has not only scored achievement in literature, cartoon, translation, music, and etc, but also show special talent in Art Theory, Literature aesthetic, aesthetic education and other academic field. He believed in Buddhism, was a Buddhist, then his Buddhism thought must made effective influence on his thought, especially on his literature and art thoughts, and art education thoughts. In his whole life, Art and Buddhism occupied his whole spirit. On his opinion, "Buddhism is the highest realm of art" , this thought affected all his art life, and he did as it. He used the philosophy of Buddhism to direct his creation, art thought, and the theory art education. In the pursue of the aesthetics, his work is a fusion, including Buddhism culture value, literature value and art value; in his art theory, he made use of cultivation of Buddhism, the idea of value of Buddhism, to direct his art practice. So if you want to know the literature and art opinion of Feng Zikai, you had to study the influence of the Buddhism outlook on life.This paper attempts to study from affection of Buddha nature of Feng Zikai, selects his prose, cartoon, and art essay for study. The discourse on the method of analysis and induction to study, reading his works in detail, finding that Buddhism culture play a vital role in his literature and art opinion, dealing these materials with inducting and explaining. The study helps us to understand the author’s thoughts, and hopes to provide more useful suggestion for the founding of contemporary literature and aesthetics.This thesis is divided into five parts. The first part, mainly analysis that how Mr.Feng’s personality born, with his personal growth career, education and background. The second part, mainly explain how Buddhism spirit’s nature direct his literature and art value orientation, contains that studying the relations of t"he truth, virtue and beauty"in Buddhism culture and the literature ideal of Mr.Feng, analysis that Buddhism culture on "the nature of mind" influents Mr.Feng to yearn moral ideal and moral character, analysis that Buddhism mercy influent Mr.Feng to say "loving living things is loving heart". The third part, expound how Buddhism thoughts concreted within literature and art opinion of Mr. Feng. Firstly, undering the Buddhism origin thought, Mr. Feng summed up the production of literature and art as "the desire" or "artistic impulse". Secondly, on the aesthetic attitude, Mr. Feng direct reference to the Buddhist term "insulation", "enthusiastic" to interpretate his opinion. Thirdly, "the Truth" thinking and advocating "Zen Interest" aesthetic standards in the Buddhist, influents Mr.Feng to pursuit of "outspoken" and "interesting" character of literature and art. Finally, the Buddhist spiritual culture effects Mr. Feng’s literature and art pursue," un-utilitarian "," naive ", " life for the arts, and the arts for the life". The fourth part, under the affection of Buddha nature, Mr. Feng put Buddhism Universal value and equality ideology into his practice, he advocates " both aesthetic education and religious ", persues of education of popularization and generalization. The fifth parts, analysis the sense of Mr. Feng’opinion, including analysis the value and limitations on his opinion.更多还原