【作者】 赵林；

【导师】 杨林贵；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚戏剧最具代表性的一部作品,具有极强的艺术感染力。1921年田汉在《哈孟雷特》译序中曾说：“《哈盂雷特》一剧尤沉痛悲怆为莎翁四大悲剧之冠”在过去的六十多年里,一大批杰出的翻译家致力于莎士比亚作品翻译取得了辉煌的成就。莎剧的翻译不仅给莎剧作品的评论和研究提供参考而且也很大程度上丰富了本土文化资源。至于被认为是悲剧作品之冠的《哈姆雷特》至今译本已逾四十种,其中以梁实秋、朱生豪、卞之琳等人译本更为权威。笔者在本篇文章中比较的是梁实秋和朱生豪先生的两个中译本。二十世纪七十年代末,翻译研究出现“文化转向”,将译者从“带着脚链的舞者”释放出来,从而将译者的地位提至中心地位。从以文本中心到译者中心转变不仅开阔了翻译研究的新视野,开拓了翻译研究的新空间,也将翻译主体研究提上了译学研究的重要日程。对莎士比亚的研究和莎作的翻译虽取得的显著成绩,可是在翻译评论方面却鲜有评论者从译者主体角度探讨译文的得与失。多数评论者只是从语言学角度针对一字,一词,一句的翻译进行讨论,或从修辞等方面提出批评。过分强调译文对原文的忠实而忽视了译者存在。笔者在本文将从译者主体性相关理论对《哈姆雷特》的两个中译本进行比较,做一个案例分析。具体的说,从译者在选择原文本,翻译的动机,在翻译过程中译者所采取的策略和遵循的原则,以及所受社会文化影响等方面结合译本进行比较分析。通过比较来观察译者在翻译操作时所能受到的限制条件是什么以及如何在这种限制中充分发挥译者的主观能动性。研究目的在于一方面通过对两种译本在多种角度下比较,试图阐述译者在具体翻译操作时所受主观能动性的影响。另一方面希望评论者在对译本评论时对译者的主观因素给予考虑。虽然笔者做的是一个案例分析,但所采用的分析方法和理论具有一定普遍适用性。如两位译者在对莎士比亚作品的选择方面,他们的翻译动机,翻译过程中两人采取不同的翻译技巧等方面可以充分看出,翻译过程中译者的主体性在发挥作用。笔者认为译者在翻译过程中具有充分发挥主体性的优势,但这种主体性的发挥是有相对约束性的。比如译者要受到他们所处时代的社会和文化意识影响,译者自身的专业水平和赞助人都会影响译者的主体性发挥。社会的发展,人的意识的进步加速了对名著的重译。同一著作可以拥有不同译本,每个译本都有它存在的合理性。当我们评价某一译本时,不应仅仅局限于它是否忠实于原文,而应更多的考虑影响译本形成的诸多因素。承认并考虑译者主体性在翻译过程中的作用,对后继译者敢于挑战权威给予信心,对翻译理论建设具有一定意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The translation of Hamlet in China has been flourishing for the irresistible power and impressive charm in the original work. As early as 1921, there appeared the first Chinese version of Hamlet by Tian Han, who noted in the preface that Hamlet tops over three other tragedic works especially in terms of pain and grief represented in characters. In the past sixty years, a cohort of outstanding translators devoted themselves to the translation of Shakespeare and made great achievements, which on one hand, provided primary texts for Shakespeare studies in China and on the other, enriched Chinese culture to some degree. As the best tragedic work, Hamlet has been rendered into over forty Chinese versions, among which those by Liang Shiqiu, Zhu Shenghao, and Bian Zhilin enjoy great popularity. This study will focus on the translations by Liang Shiqiu and Zhu Shenghao and apply theoretical terms, as informed by translation studies after the "Cultural Turn", to analyses of their translations of Hamlet.The great changes in translation theory are inevitably conducive to translation and Shakespeare studies. The "Cultural Turn" in translation studies, starting from the late 1970s, has freed the translator from being called ankle-chained dancer. In turn, the gradually improved status of translators has facilitated changes in translation practices from the traditional text-orientedness to the translator-centeredness. This shift has not only broadened the horizon in the field of translation studies, but also has given priority to the study of translator’s subjectivity. Although scholars have contributed to studies of Chinese Shakespeare translations, few have touched the issue of the translator’s subjectivity. Most critics are only concerned with faithfulness and fluency in target language and consciously or unconsciously turn a blind eye to the existence of translators.This study tries to make a case study through comparative analyses of two Chinese versions of Hamlet in terms of translator’s subjectivity. For its comparative approach in the analysis of the translator’s subjectivity, this case study taps some more general issues, such as choosing translated materials, adopting translation techniques, observing translation principles and commenting on translators’ motivation and restrictions from the social and cultural factors. With the comprehensive analysis on two Chinese versions of Hamlet, this study purports to illustrate the existence and functions of the translator in the process of translation and to inject a new element into translation criticism. The author is deeply convinced that the translator may attempt to bring subjectivity into full play although this intention is usually restricted. Nonetheless, admitting and considering the function of translator’s subjectivity may mean encouragement for future translators to challenge canonical translations and also is worthwhile in the construction of translation theories.更多还原