【作者】 王燕；

【导师】 黄军甫；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 行政管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 官僚制理论是行政管理学研究的传统课题,韦伯官僚制的提出使得这一课题的研究和应用发展到了极致。中国自鸦片战争以来,由于西学东渐和西学东进,韦伯官僚制理论对民国时期的官僚制建制有着重大影响,而将其发挥得较为成功的要数南京国民政府时期(1927-1937)。然而,对这一时期官僚制的研究,国内外学者涉及较少。研究这一时期官僚制运行机制的文献更是稀少,尤其将处于历史转型期的南京国民政府官僚制运行机制与当今转型期中国行政改革联系起来的研究则更是少之又少。因此,基于韦伯官僚制精神的三个方面即组织结构、管理方式和行政文化,具体研究南京国民政府时期(1927-1937)官僚制的运行情况,分析其成功和失败的原因,为当今转型期的中国行政改革的发展提供借鉴作用。在系统搜集资料的基础上,运用文献综合研究、历史和逻辑相统一、比较研究的方法,一方面从官僚制的组织结构、管理方式、行政文化三个方面入手来研究南京国民政府十年里其官僚制运行的情况；一方面利用里格斯的行政生态学理论作为基石,将南京国民政府时期和当代中国官僚制运行作比较,从而得出当代中国行政体制改革应注意的地方。全文内容主要分为五部分：第一章在综合国内外官僚制理论研究成果的基础上,阐述本文的重要意义和创新性；随后阐明本文的研究方法和思路。其思路基于韦伯官僚制精神的组织结构、管理方式、行政文化的三个层面,构建本文的主体框架。第二至第四章分别从组织结构、管理方式和行政文化三个方面对南京国民政府时期(1927-1937)的官僚制运行进行阐述,分析各个层面的具体运行机制,探寻出蕴含于其中的特点和问题。第五章以里格斯的行政生态学为基石,对南京国民政府时期(1927-1937)和当代中国行政体制进行比较分析,得出它们的相似点所在,由此而得出对当代中国行政体制改革的启示作用,构建出当代中国行政体制改革运行机制的双赢(行政组织与被管理者的双赢)模式。结论概括了研究的主要观点和结论。通过研究认为：中国韦伯官僚制精神的建制化的反演过程是中国近现代行政管理发展缓慢的关键。韦伯官僚制精神的建制化受很多因素的影响,其中社会权力系统和社会舆论自立性是重要的影响力量。两种力量在不断的互动中相互促进,协调发展,推动行政管理建制不断完善,促进行政管理运行机制的良性运转。中国韦伯官僚制精神的反演是不可改变的现实,但我们可以通过将传统文化与韦伯官僚制精神相结合,构建具有中国特色的行政文化体系,从而消解中国韦伯官僚制精神的反演所带来的扩散功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The theory of bureaucracy is a traditional subject of the research on administration. Weber’s bureaucracy put forward the research and application to the extreme. Since the Opium War, the Western east, Weber’s bureaucracy had a significant impact on the construction of administrative structures and norms in the Republic of China because western ideas were introduced to China gradually. Weber’s bureaucracy were well applied during the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1937, however only a few scholars at home and abroad involved in the research on operational mechanism of the bureaucracy at that time, and few scholars researched on the comparison of the bureaucracy between the Nanjing National Government and today. Based on three levels of the spirit of Web’s bureaucracy——organizational structure, management and administrative culture, the operational mechanism of the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1937 is illustrated in this paper, and its success and failure is analyzed, so the paper provides references for the development of administrative reform in today’s China.Based on the data collection, comprehensive study on relative literature, systematic analysis, comparison study and a research on relative theory at home and abroad, on the one hand, the operational mechanisms of the bureaucracy of the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1937 is researched by the spirit of Web’s bureaucracy. On the other hand, the comparative analysis of China’s administrative system between the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1937 and contemporary based on Riggs’administrative Ecology are carried out in order to design a win-win mode of operating mechanism of administrative reform in contemporary China.This paper is mainly divided into five parts:The comprehensive analysis on the theoretical research at home and abroad are carried out in first chapter, and the significance and innovation of this paper are also described. This chapter focuses on the concept and the methods and ideas of this paper. The idea is based on three levels of the spirit of Weber’s bureaucracy to construct the main framework of this paper.Based on organizational structure, management and administrative culture of the spirit of Web’s bureaucracy, the operational mechanisms of the bureaucracy of the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1937 are illustrated respectively from Chapter 2 to Chapter 4. In these chapters, the specific operational mechanisms at all levels are analyzed in order to explore the inherent characteristics and problems.Based on Riggs’administrative Ecology, the comparative analysis of China’s administrative system between the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1937 and contemporary are carried out in Chapter 5.Then, the enlightenment is concluded for contemporary administrative reform of China, and a win-win mode of operating mechanism of administrative reform in contemporary China is designed.After our investigation was made, we believe that the institutionalization of the spirit of Web’s bureaucracy in the western developed nations greatly promoted the development of administrative management. However, the inverse institutionalization in China led to the underdevelopment of China’s administrative management. The institutionalization of the spirit of Web’s bureaucracy was influenced by many factors, of which the social power system and the independence of social consensus were important powers. Social power system greatly promoted the development of administrative management from the macro level, while the independence of social consensus promoted the development of administrative management from the micro level. These two forces promoted and coordinated each other in constant interaction, and promoted the perfection of operational mechanism of administrative management. It is immutable fact that the institutionalization of the spirit of Web’s bureaucracy in China was inverse compared with that of the western developed nations, however, if we can integrate the spirit of Web’s bureaucracy with traditional Chinese culture, and construct administrative culture with Chinese characteristics, the diffusion effect of administrative functions by inverse institutionalization of the spirit of Web’s bureaucracy in China is cleared up.更多还原