【作者】 张辉；

【导师】 张天骄； 包建文；

【作者基本信息】 北京服装学院 ， 材料学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本文的工作主要分为两部分,第一部分是采用静电纺丝法制备碳纤维结构复合材料增韧用的热塑性树脂纳米纤维无纺膜并测试其物理机械性能,第二部分是应用热塑性纳米纤维无纺膜和基体树脂预浸料以热压罐法制备碳纤维结构复合材料层合板并测试其性能、研究其增韧机理。第一部分工作中,首先以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,采用高压静电纺丝法制备了面密度分别为10g/m~2、15g/m~2、20g/m~2的聚芳醚酮(PEK-C)纳米纤维无纺膜,并研究了其工艺条件。适宜条件下得到的产品纤维直径分布较窄,在300-600nm;面密度15g/m~2的无纺膜的断裂强度为0.35-0.39 N·m~2/g。其次,在以上实验基础上,以三氯甲烷及四氯乙烷的混合液为溶剂,制备了聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)超细纤维无纺膜,其微观形貌良好,纤维直径分布较窄。第二部分工作中,分别以不同面密度的聚芳醚酮和聚醚酰亚胺为增韧材料,以T800环氧树脂预浸料为基体材料制备了复合材料层合板,随后测试其拉、压、弯、剪等各项力学性能,特别是其冲击后压缩强度(CAI),用扫描电镜等方法表征并研究了其增韧机理。结果表明,经纳米纤维无纺膜增韧后,复合材料的CAI值从157.34Mpa升至359.37Mpa,达到了其原来的228.4%,而其他力学性能基本未受到影响。微观分析表明:纳米纤维膜与环氧树脂在复合材料层间形成了典型的热塑-热固海岛相结构,热塑性树脂体积含量为64%。这种典型的相结构会阻碍裂纹在层间的扩展,并逐级分解裂纹和吸收能量,此过程可以大幅度提高复合材料的层间韧性,其外在表现就是复合材料的冲击后压缩强度大幅度提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation is composed of two parts.One is the preparation of ultrafine fiber non-woven film which was used to toughening composites by electrostatic spining and the investigation of physical properties of the film. The other is the preparation of carbon fibre reinforced conposite via autoclavemolding which used the ultrafine fiber non-woven film as the toughening material, and the toughening mechanisms were discussed.In the frist part, Phenolphalein Polyetherketone(PEK-C) ultrafine fiber non-woven film of different areal densities such as 10g/m~2、15g/m~2、20g/m~2 was made by electrostatic spining in which Dimethyl Formamide is used as solvent,and the parameters was discussed. Free-defect ultra-fine fiber film could be produced in suitable condition. The diameter of ultra-fine fiber have a homogeneous distribution, mainly ranging from 300 to 600 nm,and the breaking strength of the fibric range from 0.35 to 0.39N·m~2/g. Besides, Polyetherimide(PEI)non-woven films was prepared by electrospinning in the mixed solvent of Chloroform and Tetrachloroethane,which have a nice microstructure and narrow diameter distribution.In the second part, composite laminated plates were made while the PEK-C ultrafine fiber non-woven films were used as toughening material and carbon fiber prepreg as matrix material. And its mechanical properties were tested, compression after impact(CAI) strength in especial. The result indicates that CAI strength up to 359.37Mpa, as 228.4% as the no-toughening composite laminated plates, and the other mechanical properties are not influenced. Microscopic analysis indicates that between composite material layers, the thermoplastic material and thermosetting resins got in to a typical sea-island structure, and the volume fraction of thermoplastic material between layers reached 64%.The bicontinuous structure will prevent crack propagation and absorb energy. This process could increase the interlaminar fracture toughness deeply, and the compression after impact(CAI) strength of composite materials will increase greatly.更多还原