【作者】 张艳；

【导师】 赵成国；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 历史地理学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 德国于1897年借口强占胶州湾,把山东划为自己的势力范围。德国占领青岛以后,致力于把青岛建设成为永久的“模范殖民地”,投入大量人力物力进行建设。近代青岛作为一个新兴的港口城市,从1897年被德国强占为租借地到1938年第二次被日本占领,经过短短四十年的时间,发展成为华北地区的货物集散中心,而且成为了山东省内的工业中心和金融中心,在中国近现代经济史上占据了十分重要的地位。青岛在山东金融中心地位的确立,是一个在时间上随着经济的发展逐渐确立的过程,又是一个在空间上金融中心由济南这个政治中心到青岛这个经济中心的转移。同时由于青岛在中国近代史上的特殊经历,金融机构呈现出国际化、多层次的特点,新式的银行与旧式的钱庄、票号、典当并存,西方成熟的金融机构同中国新兴的近代金融机构相争,中外各方势力为了满足自身的需要,都在青岛设立金融机构,进行竞争,客观上使得青岛成为华北地区的金融中心之一。金融作为经济生活中十分重要的组成部分,它的重心转移和变化势必会对社会的政治经济和生活带来巨大的影响,特别是对于青岛近代化的过程产生了深远的影响。本文选取1897年到1937年这一时间段作为论述的时间段。1897年以前,青岛由山东半岛东南一个以打渔和捕猎为生的传统自给自足经济占主导的小渔村逐渐发展,经济贸易增长,但是金融业相对经济的发展较为缓慢滞后,直到1897年德占青岛,金融业才开始有所萌芽发展。1937年以后,抗战全面爆发,青岛的社会经济生活遭到严重破坏,金融业亦不例外,金融机构和金融业务萎缩,伪政权架设中国联合准备银行,发行联银券,统治金融业,使当时的金融机构成为日本侵华和掠夺的基地,金融发展一度停顿,近代化的进程也一度中断。1897年到1937年是青岛金融业从萌芽到发展再到成为金融中心的关键时期。这一时期经历了德占时期(1897—1914)的萌芽及初步发展,日占时期(1914—1922)的日本控制发展时期,再到北洋军阀统治时期(1922-1927)的混乱治理及发展,直到南京国民政府时期(1927—1937)收回青岛以后,收回了被日本控制的金融货币特权,金融业体系逐步形成。在这个基础上,中国本土金融机构势力迅速发展,中国银行、交通银行、中央银行在青岛的势力迅速发展,才确立了青岛在山东的的金融中心地位。在这一从萌芽到中心地位的过程中,不论是金融业控制在外国势力手中还是控制在本土金融机构手中,金融对近代化的影响都逐步显现。本文力求充分搜集资料,挖掘档案史料,解析青岛近代金融业的发展状况及其与青岛近代化的关系；从时间角度专注于近代青岛金融业由萌芽发展到成为金融中心过程的三个阶段；从空间角度对山东地区金融中心转移的原因、表现、影响阐释清楚；从社会的政治经济生活等方面分析金融中心地位的确立与近代青岛近代化的关系；力求运用各方面的资料探讨金融中心对社会经济、政治以及生活各方面的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Germany seizing Jiaozhou bay search some excuses in 1897, and take Shandong for its territories。German committed to building Qingdao become permanent "model colonies" after occupation it, put many people and matters for construction。Qing Dao, which became the trading port city and industry and commerce center in North of China from opening the port to the erupting of Sino-Japanese War, disturbed its normal development during the short 40 years. The financial center of Shandong which Qingdao institute being two processes. One is that definite gradually in time and another is the financial center transfer Jinan which is the political center to Qingdao which is the economic center in space, and this is a historical geography process. The special experience of Qingdao in Chinese history made financial institutions presents internationalization and multilayer, new-style banks and old-style money manor, ticket business house, hock equally exist, west adult finance institution and china new modern finance institution conflict, the force which west and china all set up financial institution for compete in Qingdao which make.Qingdao become one of financial center in north of china impersonality. As a very important element of economic, the transfer of its center and change may take great effect to political, economic, and people life in society, especially the profound influence to the modernize of Qingdao.The article selects the time from 1897 to 1937 for discussion. Before 1897, Qingdao develop gradually form a small fish village which traditional self-sufficient economy dominates, but the financial lags behind the development of economics. After 1937, Qingdao was fall into the war, the social life and economic was destroy, and also the financial, the institutions and operations shrieked, some financial institutions become the base which Japan aggressed against China, The development of financial paused for a time, and the modernization process of Qingdao was interrupted too.The key period of Qingdao financial from sprout to growth and becoming the center was from 1897 to 1937. This period came by German occupancy(1897-1914)which from sprout to accidence developing, Japan occupancy(1914-1922)which controlled by Japan, and then the Northern warlord period(1922-1927)which develop bedlam, just to The Nanjing national government period(1927-1937)which take bake Qingdao and financial currency liberty which be controlled. In this period, financial institutions of china develop speedily, and then the financial station of Qingdao was established. In the period from sprout to center, the affect of financial to modernize was appeared step by step.The passage efforts to collect data information, mined historical files and materials on the basic of predecessors. Resolved the relationship between the development of financial in modern times and its modernization. It was absorbed in three periods which financial in modern times from sprout to center by time, and focus on explain clearly the reason, performance, influence which the diversion of financial center in Shandong by space. And analyze the relationship between financial centers and modernize from the way in political, economic, life of society, and discuss the influence which financial center to the society in all directions.更多还原