【作者】 王丽丽；

【导师】 江宵萍；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 美术学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 远古时期的人们对自然现象无法解释,形成了崇尚神灵的思想,在祭祀活动中,扮演降妖捉怪的人头戴面具,在皮肤上涂抹或描绘图案,求得神灵的保护,就可以达到与这些威力无比的物象同体的效果,更好地应对各种天灾人祸,这就是脸谱的雏形。到了唐宋年间,祭祀活动逐渐演变为一种文化活动,活动中的面具装饰被民间出现的“社火”所沿用,逐渐形成了自己脸谱的风格,以求镇宅辟邪、祈福、保平安之意。在“社火”这一民俗文化活动中,社火脸谱自成一系,绘制在演员面部,用来表现人物特征的面部化妆形式,其脸谱纹样主要有火纹、日月纹、蛙纹、旋涡纹等纹饰。目前在脸谱的研究当中,大部分是对京剧脸谱的研究,社火脸谱纹样的研究资料相对较少,不够丰富,再加上地区的差异,纹样存在一定的差别,不同地区社火中的美术造型及图像,具有各自独特的风格和特点,本论文在广泛吸收前人研究成果的基础上,从社火脸谱纹样的主要构型元素这一研究环节入手,分析其形象特点和寓意,社火脸谱纹样内涵的生成,与特定的社会环境、人们的思维方式以及一定物质生产状况都有关系,在此基础上从有限的图片和资料中进行比较研究。现如今,社火脸谱原有的鬼神崇拜、宗教迷信内涵逐渐淡化,而其艺术性、娱乐性的审美价值日益增强,已经成为一种文化受到人们的喜爱。但随着社火老人的相继谢世,现代诸民族的传统社火已处于濒临灭绝的状态,再不抓紧时间进行调查和总结,将悔之晚矣。尤其是在全世界都在大力抢救和保护物质与非物质文化遗产的今天,社火脸谱的调查研究和静态保护工作不应被忽视。从这个角度讲,深入研究社火脸谱的谱式、色彩及其意义,了解纹样的审美特点和涵义,更好地学习和借鉴前人的研究成果,系统探寻社火脸谱对中国脸谱艺术的发展是具有重要的理论意义和现实意义的。不管能不能永远地传承下去,我们都要将社火文化保存下来,将每一个角色的脸谱、图案进行临摹,汇总编辑成册,同时拍摄录像,使形象化的社火脸谱资料完整地保存下来,为后人留下一份宝贵的史料与永恒的记忆。更多还原

【Abstract】 In ancient times, the people can not be explained of natural phenomena, and formed the idea of cherishing and spirits gradually, and played people who catching blames in ritual activities, Spreading or description designs on the skin, obtains the protection of the God, may achieved with these incomparable physical image consubstantiality effect, deal with each kind disaster of nature or man-made better, this is the prototype of Face book. By the Tang and Song-year period, the ritual activities gradually evolved into a cultural activity, the mask are adopted by the "social Fire", in order to pray, security and peace of the house and people. Agency fire Face book become self-contained system in the "community fire" of this folk culture activities, Department of character features to performance in the form of facial make-up, its mask patterns are mainly fire patterns, sun and moon pattern, frog pattern, ornamentation and so on.Now,the study of the Face book is mainly on Beijing opera mask. The data of Agency fire Face book is relatively small, not rich, coupled with regional differences, there are some differences in patterns in different regions of Agency fire Face book, and had its own unique style. The foundation of present paper is widely absorbed the predecessor research results, from the main pattern entertainments to analyze its vivid characteristic, the implication, the production of pattern’s connotation, and the relationship of the Specific social environment, People’s thinking mode, and Certain physical production condition, Based on this, mainly researched from the limited pictures and information .Today, the original spirits agency fire worship gradually dilute, the meaning of religion and superstition, its artistic, entertaining and the growing aesthetic value, has become a kind of culture has been the people’s favorite. But along with old person’s dying one after another, the various modern nationality’s traditional popular entertainments to mark the various seasonal festivals has been at the condition which borders on exterminates, the save time does not carry on the investigation and the summary again, will be too late to regret. Especially vigorously is rescuing and the protection material in the world with non-material cultural heritage today, the popular entertainments to mark the various seasonal festivals styles of makeup investigation and study and the static protection work should not neglect. Says from this angle, the deep research popular entertainments to mark the various seasonal festivals styles of makeup’s form, the color and the significance, understood the esthetic characteristic and the implication of pattern, study and profit from predecessor’s research results well, the system inquired about the popular entertainments to mark the various seasonal festivals styles of makeup have the important theory significance and the practical significance to the Chinese styles of makeup art’s development. No matter can forever inherit, we must preserve the popular entertainments to mark the various seasonal festivals culture, each role’s styles of makeup, the design carries on the copy, compiles edits the book, simultaneously photographs the video recording, causes visualized the popular entertainments to mark the various seasonal festivals styles of makeup material to preserve completely, leaves behind a precious historical data and the eternal memory for the posterity.更多还原