【作者】 周波；

【导师】 聂俊华； 刘登民；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,穴盘育苗技术日趋成熟,并越来越广泛地应用于花卉、蔬菜育苗。然而穴盘育苗的养分供应一直依赖普通肥料喷施或营养液,存在诸多不便,此外,穴盘育苗的评价方法也不够完善,因而限制了此项技术的发展。本文利用市场化的花卉专用控释肥进行一串红穴盘育苗试验,在此基础上又进行了苗期施肥的后效盆栽试验,分析了控释肥对育苗基质、幼苗氮磷钾营养特性、幼苗生长特性以及移栽后观赏特性的影响,并分别采用六种评价方法对育苗效果进行了评价,探索草本花卉穴盘育苗的新型养分供应方式和最佳控释肥施用种类及施肥量,并寻找穴盘育苗适宜的评价方法。主要研究结果如下：1、控释肥缓慢增加育苗介质有效养分的供应量,介质的养分含量与施肥量呈极显著正相关,显著提高了穴盘苗体内氮磷钾的含量和累积量,提升了肥料利用率,减少了养分浪费和环境污染。一串红苗期氮磷钾需求占全期的5%左右,比例为1：0.11：0.39,成苗氮磷钾比例为1：0.12：0.44,平均肥料需求比例为25-7-13。控释肥对出苗率的促进作用不显著,14-14-14的国产和奥绿控释肥均显著降低了出苗率。养分含量20-8-10的控释肥较好的满足了一串红穴盘育苗的营养需求,避免了速效肥直接施用易烧苗和喷施费工费时的生产问题,对幼苗生长特性具有显著的促进作用,用量以干基质计120-150g·kg-1为佳。2、控释肥穴盘法育的幼苗移栽后缓苗快,苗期施肥效果依然显著。控释肥处理各生长和观赏特性显著优于传统喷施和空白,株高比空白增加了12-36%,冠径增加了29-53%,叶绿素平均增加28.5%,开花时间也比空白有所提前,开花数平均增加了86%,整体观赏价值显著提高。可以实现苗期一次施肥不再追肥的生产模式。3、穴盘苗的不同评价方法各有优缺点,常规评价方法简单方便,适于精度要求不高的评价,综合评价方法可充分体现一串红等花卉穴盘苗的评价特点,以主成分分析和灰色关联法较为科学全面,生产中应视具体情况选用。一串红穴盘育苗施用控释肥的经济效益显著高于传统喷施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, plug-seedling technology was more and more widely used in flower and vegetable seedlings. However, the nutrient supply has relied on the spraying of general fertilizer and the nutrient solution, and there was a lot of inconvenience. In addition, the evaluation method was also not perfect, and the development of this technology was limited by all the above things. In this paper, designed with market-based controlled release fertilizer(CRF), a plug-seedling experiment was conducted. On this basis, then a pot experiment of the aftereffects on the seedling fertilization was designed. The effects of CRFs on medium seedlings, seedling nutrition characteristics of N/P/K, seedling growth characteristics and ornamental characteristics of post transplant were studied, and six evaluation methods were used. All the experiments were designed to explore a new method of herbaceous flowers plug seedling nutrient supply and a optimum CRFs species and amount, and to find a appropriate plug seedling evaluation methods. The major results showed that:1) The available nutrient was increased slowly by CRF in growth medium; the medium available nutrient content and fertilizer application were highly significant positive correlated. The content and accumulation of N/P/K of seedlings were significantly increased, the fertilizer use efficiency was also increased, and the nutrient waste and pollution were reduced. Seedling demand for N/P/K was about 5 percent of the total, the seedling N/P/K ratio was 1:0.11:0.39, the planting was 1:0.12:0.44, and the average of fertilizer demand ratio was 25-7-13. The rate of emergence was not significantly promoted by CRF, and was significantly reduced by CRF(14-14-14) and Osmocote(14-14-14). The nutritional needs of plug seedlings were meet better by CRF(20-8-10), the salt injury of the direct application and time consuming and labor production problems were avoided, and the optimum amount is120-150g·kg-1 dry substrate.2) The plug seedlings, which were applied CRF, grew faster than the blank, the seedling fertilization still had significant effects. CRFs’ growth and ornamental characteristics were significantly better than traditional spray and blank, plant height was increased by 12-36% compared with the blank, crown diameter was increased by 29-53%, and chlorophyll was increased by 28.5% on average. Flowering time was also earlier than the blank, the flower number was increased by 86% on average, and the overall aesthetic value was significantly improved. The production mode of only once fertilizer applying in seedlings and no longer a top dressing any time can be achieved.3) All different evaluation methods have advantages and disadvantages, the conventional evaluation methods were simple, suitable for less precision evaluation, and the comprehensive evaluation methods could fully reflect the characteristics of the salvia flowers seedling evaluation. Principal component analysis and gray correlation analysis were more scientific and comprehensive, and in production they should be used as the case. The economic benefits of CRF were significantly higher than the traditional spraying in Salvia plug seedlings.更多还原