【作者】 王新春；

【导师】 彭福田；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 针对普通化肥在土壤中溶解速度过快,养分容易淋失、挥发或被土壤固定,肥料利用率偏低等问题,以25年生苹果品种嘎拉(Malus domestica Borkh cv.‘Gala’)和12年生红富士(Malus domestica Borkh cv.‘Red Fuji’)作试验材料,进行了控释BB肥对苹果园土壤及植株生长发育的影响,以便为控释BB肥在苹果生产中的推广应用提供科学理论依据。主要实验结果如下:1、控释BB肥对苹果新梢生长起到显著的促进作用。其中控释BB肥配方1(T2, 3.0 kg/株)处理对新梢长度、粗度、节间长度的影响最大,叶面积增加,对嘎啦苹果盛果期新梢的生长起到了调控作用。控释BB肥配方2(T4, 3.0kg/株)处理虽然新梢的长度、粗度及叶片数与对照T1基本无差异,但却显著增加叶面积,因而提高了树体的光合作用。2、控释BB肥处理能影响苹果园土壤中有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾的含量及其分布,植株根、新梢、叶等不同器官中N、P、K的含量也受控释BB肥处理的影响。3、控释BB肥处理能够促进果树的产量提高和果实品质的改善。控释BB肥2(T4)处理对嘎啦苹果增产效果明显;控释BB肥1(T2)和控释BB肥2(T4)处理对红富士苹果都有增产效果,但以控释BB肥1的增产效果更好。控释BB肥处理对苹果果实品质具有一定的改善作用,可明显提高果实中维生素C的含量,降低果实固酸比。4、土壤不同层次中养分含量分析表明,控释BB肥释放的养分在土壤中的分布情况不同:控释BB肥1(T2)和控释BB肥2(T4)所释放的有效氮在土壤的中下层含量较低,说明控释BB肥养分释放缓慢,利于苹果植株对氮素的吸收利用。控释BB肥2(T4)在土壤中下层的磷、钾含量均低于对照,利于果树对磷、钾肥的吸收利用。控释BB肥处理能够降低果农的生产成本,增加农民收入,同时又减少了肥料的流失,减轻对环境的污染。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the common fertilizer dkly in soil and available nutrients in fertilizer were easily leaching, evaporating or fixed by soil, The release characteristics of controlled released Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and its effects on orchard soil and apple trees were studied using‘Gala’(25-year old) and‘Red Fuji’(12-year old) apple trees as the material. The objective of the study is to provide a scientific basis for a better extension and application of controlled-release fertilizer in apple production. The main results were as follows:1. The treatment with controlled released BB fertilizer could significantly improve the growth of apple young shoots. It was found that the treatment of T2 could affect the shoot length, diameter, and internode length significantly, while the treatment of T4 could improve the photosynthesis of the trees because of the increasement of leaves area, though there were no differences between shoot lengths, diameters, leaves numbers, compared with those of the control T1.2. The treatment with controlled released BB fertilizer could influence the content and distribution of soil organic material, alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium in the apple orchard soil, meanwhile the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different organs of the apple tree, such as roots, shoots, leaves were also affected by controlled released BB fertilizer.3. It was found that the yield and fruit quality of apple fruits could be improved by the treatment controlled released BB fertilizer. The treatment with T2 could improve the yield of‘Gala’obviously, while treatment with both T2 and T4 could improve the yield of‘Red Fuji’, meanwhile the treatment with T2 being more significantly. Under the treatments of controlled-release BB fertilizer, the content of vitamin C in apple fruit improved, and ratio of sugar to acid decreased.4. Study of fertilizer nutrition in different layers of soil indicated that the distributions of controlled released BB fertilizer in soil were quite different: the available nitrogen released by T2 and T4 was very low in the middle and lower layer of the soil, this indicated that the speed of available nutrients released from the fertilizer was very slow and this will benefit for the tree to absorb the nitrogen. Under the treatment of T4, the contents of phosphorus and potassium in the middle and lower layer of the soil were lower than that of control, so it could improve the apple tree to absorb the available phosphorus and potassium. As a whole, controlled released BB fertilizer could decrease the production cost of fruit grower and correspondingly increase the income of the farmer; meanwhile controlled released BB fertilizer could also decrease the loss of fertilizer and reduce the environmental pollution.更多还原