【作者】 李建华；

【导师】 范文兵；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 电路与系统， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 射频识别技术(Radio Frequency Identification,简称RFID)是一门结合了电子技术、通信技术以及计算机技术等多学科的新技术,是一种新兴的自动识别技术。它利用射频信号通过空间耦合(电磁场或交变磁场)实现非接触双向数据通信,从而对目标加以识别并获取相关数据。近年来,射频识别技术已经应用于生产、物流、零售、交通运输等众多领域,并且发展迅速。读写器是RFID系统中最基本的部件之一,是连接前端信息载体(即电子标签)和后端应用系统(运行于计算机上)的桥梁。读写器主要由射频部分、基带部分和控制部分组成。基带部分位于射频部分和控制部分之间,负责整个读写器的发送数据编码、接收数据解码和数据校验等工作,是读写器设计的关键。因此,研究读写器基带单元关键技术具有重要意义。本文首先简要介绍了RFID系统的基本原理,对超高频RFID系统的通信协议进行了深入分析；之后,基于ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type B通信协议,对读写器基带单元进行了总体结构设计。最后,分别从硬件和软件两个方面对基带单元关键技术进行了详细分析与设计。硬件方面,搭建了基带单元试验平台。以Altera公司的FPGA芯片EP1C6Q240I7为核心,设计了电源、时钟、AS配置、JTAG调试、RS232接口等电路,并完成了印制电路板制作、焊接、调试等工作。软件方面,利用硬件描述语言,采用自顶向下的设计方法和模块化的设计思想,对基带单元与控制单元的UART接口、读写器到电子标签的曼彻斯特编码、电子标签到读写器的FMO解码以及循环冗余校验等基带单元关键模块进行了设计并完成仿真验证工作。在循环冗余校验方面,对现有的串行CRC方法进行改进,提出了一种并行CRC校验方法并加以实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a kind of rising automatic identification technology, which combines multidisciplinary technologies, such as electronic technology, communication technology and computer technology. It utilizes radio frequency signals and spatial coupling (electromagnetic field or an alternating magnetic field) to carry out non-contact and two-way data communications, target identification and data capture. In recent years, RFID technology is developing rapidly, and it has been applied in production, logistics, retail, transportation and many other fields.In the RFID system, the reader is one of the most basic components. It is responsible for connecting front-end information carriers (ie, tag) and back-end applications (running on the computer). The reader consists mainly of RF frond-end, baseband unit and control module. The baseband unit is between RF frond-end and control module. It is responsible for completion data encoding, data decoding and cyclic redundancy check, etc. It is one of the key technologies of UHF RFID reader. Therefore, the research on the baseband unit has important significance.Firstly, this thesis introduces the basic principles of RFID system briefly and analyzes the communication protocol deeply. Secondly, the overall structure of baseband unit is designed basing on the ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type B communication protocol. Finally, the key modules of baseband unit are analyzed and designed from both hardware and software aspects respectively.In terms of hardware, test platform of baseband unit was built. Using EP1C6Q240I7, which is a FPGA manufactured by Altera corporation, as the main chip, the author designed hardware circuits, including power supply circuits, clock circuits, AS (Active Serial) configuration circuits, JTAG debug circuits, and RS232 interface circuits, and finally succeeded in producing the printed circuit board, soldering components, debugging circuits.In terms of software, using hardware description language, top-down design method, and modularizing design principle, the author designed the key modules of baseband unit, including the UART interface module between baseband unit and control module, the Manchester encoding module from reader to tag, the FMO decoding module from tag to reader, and the CRC module. The timing simulation results show that the circuit is correct. In the Cyclic Redundancy Check module, the author improved the existing serial CRC circuit, proposed a parallel CRC check method, and realized it.更多还原