【作者】 高明；

【导师】 刘辰魁； 李金海；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 在当今社会,流量测量广泛应用于工业过程控制及能源计量,工农业发展对流体流量的测量提出了越来越高的要求,只有将其数量测量准确,才能做到“节能有数,耗能有据”,正确的进行经济核算。在流量计量工作中遇到了一系列问题,比如:由于测量介质的变化,管路内各类杂质及锈蚀的产生,使其测量误差变得很大,因拆装、断流等诸多因素,对流量计进行周期检定又非常困难,由于流量测量失准而产生的计量争议也越来越突出。本课题提出的目的是通过对管路液体点流速测量技术的研究,研制出可以在线测量流速的装置。根据现场实际需要设计的测量装置给计量检定、校准工作带来了很大的便利。目前在流速测量领域,尤其是在点流速流量测量领域,更多的是关于点流速的讨论和基于实验室条件下对单一平均流速点的测量等测量手段。本课题研发的点流速在线流量测量装置能够根据管路液体的流速分布进行调节式测量,管路液体点流速在线流量测量装置的研制成功减小了离线检定法导致的检定条件与流量计使用条件相差甚大造成的附加误差,给出了被检流量计更加准确的校准系数,使被检流量计在工业生产中计量的流量更加准确可靠。管路液体点流速在线测量装置不仅通过点流速的测量提高了流量测量的准确度,而且增强了计量检定的可靠性和便利性,该在线测量装置既可用于流量计在线校准的参考标准,又可作为大口径管路液体流量测量的仪器。通过对管路液体的流动特性和流速分布的分析,总结出采用测量有效点的流速来计算流量的方法,而且这种测量方法是建立在探明了管路内部结构的基础上,准确度和可靠性能够满足生产的要求。自主设计的适合计量校准条件的流量传感器,是结合机械原理和CAD绘图知识,通过设计各个部件,制作出便携的、用于测量管路液体流速的流量测量装置,结合相应的辅助设备利用水流量测量标准装置进行标定测试,验证了流速的变化规律,再通过线性内插的处理方法对大量的实验数据进行分析,给出了不同口径、不同流速下更为准确的校准系数,通过对大量数据进行进一步的整理,验证了装置在相同流量、不同时间下测得的数据的重复性非常好,同时对不同口径下线性度的对比,验证了装置稳定的性能,达到了预期的效果并且给出了不同口径下平均流速与平均系数的对应关系,为以后的流速测量及流量计的在线校准提供了依据,最后给出了利用神经网络对校准系数进行调整的方法以及进一步量化的设想。管路液体点流速在线流量测量装置完全自主设计研发,其创新理念来源于实际生产需要,其产品应用又回归于实际生产,通过水流量测量标准装置对其进行标定测试,测试结果充分证明了这一课题已经取得了极为积极的科研成果。更多还原

【Abstract】 In nowadays society, flow measurement is widely used in industrial process controlling and energy metering, industrial and agricultural development on the measurement of fluid flow demands more higher, we only measure the accuracy number, we will achieve“a number of energy-saving,a according of energy consumption”and correct the conduct of economic accounting. Flow measurement for a series of problems encountered, for example, due to changes in measured media, piping, various types of impurities and corrosion of the production, so that the measurement error becomes large, due to disassembly, disconnection and many other factors, to carry out periodic verification also very difficult; due to inaccurate flow measurement resulting from the measurement of the dispute has become increasingly acute.The purpose of this matter is to study the liquid through a pipeline to the point velocity measurement techniques and developed online flow measuring devices. According to the actual needs of the site,we design measuring devices for metrological verification, calibration, which has caused a great deal of convenience. In the current velocity of flow measurement,especially in the point-velocity of flow measurement, and more on-point-velocity flow of discussion and based on laboratory conditions, average velocity under a single point of measurement means of measurement.The topic of online research and development point-velocity of flow measurement device can be under the pipe to regulate the distribution of the liquid flow rate measurement, pipe flow velocity of liquid-point-line measuring device development method reduces the off-line test due to test conditions and conditions of use is a big gap meter caused by the additional error, given the seizure is a more accurate flow meter calibration coefficients, so that we can make flowmeters in industrial production in the flow measurement is more accurate and reliable. Pipe-line liquid-point-velocity flow measurement device not only by point velocity measurements improve the accuracy of flow measurement, but also enhances the metrological verification of the reliability and convenience of the on-line measurement devices used for both on-line flow meter calibration reference standards, will serve as a large diameter pipeline liquid flow measuring instruments.Through we analyze the pipe-line liquid flow characteristics and velocity distribution, we sum up the velocity by measuring the effective-point method of calculation of flow and this measurement method is based on proven a pipeline based on the internal structure, accuracy and reliability are able to meet the production requirements. Self-designed test conditions for measuring the flow sensors, combined with mechanical principles and the knowledge of CAD drawings, we design the various components and produce portable pipe which used to measure the point-velocity of liquid flow measurement devices. With the corresponding auxiliary equipment through the water flow measurement calibration and testing standard device, we sum up the changes of velocity and then by linear interpolation approach to the large number of experimental data.We analysis and give more accurately calibration coefficients which are tested under different caliber,different flow rates.Through the collation of large amounts of data to further verify the device under at the same flow, at different time of the data measured repeatability is very good, at the same time by a different caliber degree of linearity contrast to verify the performance of the device stability, and achieved the expected effect and gives a different caliber of average velocity and the average correlation coefficient for the future of the velocity measurement and flow meter on-line verification provide the basis, the use of neural network calibration coefficients of the adjustment methods as well as further ideas.Liquid of pipe-line point-velocity of flow measurement device is completely independently designed and researched and developmented, its innovative ideas come from actual production needs and the produces are applicated back on the actual production. Through water flow measurement standard equipment, we calibrate and test it, the test results is ample proof of this task has been made a very positive research results.更多还原