【作者】 孙鹏；

【导师】 寿步；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 民商法学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本文首先分析了虚拟物的概念及特征,指出所探讨虚拟物是狭义上的网络游戏中的虚拟物,并围绕着虚拟物赖以存在的游戏环境展开论述虚拟物的发展演变。之后借鉴国外学者的成果,分析虚拟物具有财产属性,并得出虚拟物作为电磁数据,运营商对之享有所有权,玩家仅有使用权的结论;它作为债权凭证,是玩家享受游戏服务的凭证。本文第三部分重点从合同法的角度来分析游戏世界中的合同,并分析《最终用户许可协议》是如何在游戏玩家与运营商之间分配虚拟物的使用权、排他权以及转让权等权利的。虽然不同的网络游戏《用户协议》条款可能有所不同,但大都为运营商保留了限制玩家交易和修改合同条款的权力。这些格式条款严重限制了玩家享受其对虚拟物的投入及成果。针对此种情况,本文探讨了玩家可能的救济手段,指出玩家可以主张自己玩游戏的合理权利、基于显失公平和允诺禁反言等合同理论而产生的抗辩权。最后,文章指出虚拟物保护是个系统的工程,合同法的视角虽然十分重要,但不是虚拟物保护的全部内容。在合同法的保护之外,也需要配合物权法、侵权法等相关法律领域,才能更好地平衡游戏世界中玩家和运营商的利益。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper analyzes the concept and characteristics of virtual property, and points out that the virtual property concept in this paper is accepted the narrow meaning. Then it states the historical evolution of virtual property along with the online game development. After that it uses the Jeremy Bentham’s Utilitarian Theories, Lockean labor-desert theory and Hegel’s Personality Theories to represent the nature of virtual property, and concludes that online games provider have the ownership of virtual property as electronic data, participants only have the right of use. At the same time, the participants can ask for online service by holding the virtual property as a certificate.In the third part of this paper, it analyzes the End User License Agreement, code of conduct and other contracts in the virtual world through the view of contract law, and demonstrates how End User License Agreements actually allocate the property rights of use, exclusion, and alienation between virtual-world providers and participants. While there are some differences from agreement to agreement in the terms, the agreements consistently give providers the plenary ability to impose sanctions on participants and to change the terms of the agreements at will. This uncertainty severely curtails the participants to enjoy the fruits of their investments. This paper tries to help the participants to pursuit assertions of reasonable right of access, unconscionability and reliance/promissory estoppel theories under contract law to protect their rights.Finally, the protection of virtual property is a systematic project. Although the contractual perspective is of great importance, but it’s not the whole. In order to balance the right on the virtual property between virtual-world participants and providers, besides the contract law’s protection, it also needs other law area such as property law, tort law and other laws’protection.更多还原