【作者】 张辉；

【导师】 袁志宇；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 市政工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 浙江某生物化工有限公司是典型的化学制药企业,主要产品有：酮苷、香叶酯、虾青素。生产排放废水中含有大量毒性物质,如甲苯、苯胺、二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯乙酸甲酯、吡啶、喹啉、呋喃、聚合物及酮醚溶剂类物质等。针对该公司废水的水质特点,采用铁炭内电解预处理高浓度废水。经过铁-炭内电解预处理后的高浓度废水与低浓度废水,按30%和70%比例配成混合废水,混合废水再经后续的生化处理和深度处理。主要研究结果如下：(1)该厂的高浓度医药废水,具有成分复杂、毒性高的特点,经比较,采用微曝气铁炭内电解法作为预处理方法较合适。通过对pH,铁炭质量比,固液比,停留时间的研究,其优化条件为：pH=3,铁炭质量比为3：1,固液比为0.08g/ml,停留时间为120min。在优化条件下,CODcr的去除率可以达到20%-30%,可见,该方法对CODcr有一定的去除效果,可减少对生物处理系统的不利影响。(2)高浓度医药废水经微曝气铁炭内电解法处理后,B／C值可从0.10左右提高到0.30左右,可见,污水的可生化性得到一定的提高,但废水中仍然含有一部分用氢、氧、Fe2+或者Fe3+也无法将其降解的有机物,出水的pH调节至中性,经过预处理后的废水中含有一定量的铁离子,对活性污泥的絮凝性有较大的改善,有利于后续的生物处理。(3)用微曝气铁炭内电解法处理高浓度医药废水,可选择废弃的铁屑或者铁刨花作为原材料,炭同样可选用粉煤灰渣或者用过的活性炭,可见,该方法既具有良好的经济性,又可取得较好的处理效果。(4) A/O/MBBR/O工艺具有具有典型生物膜法及活性污泥法法的特点,反应器内微生物量大,有机物降解是由悬浮相和附着生长相两类生物协作完成。A/O/MBBR/O工艺在水力停留时间为138h,溶解氧为2-5mg/L的条件下,连续运行2个月,CODcr的平均去除率为81%,其出水水质稳定。MBBR工艺能大幅度提高生化池容积负荷、缩短水力停留时间、减少池容。(5)混凝沉淀处理生化后的医药废水试验中,选取三氯化铁作为混凝剂,通过试验得出该废水混凝的优化条件为：pH=4,混凝剂投加量为400mg/L。(6) Fenton试剂在反应中能使废水中大多数难降解有机污染物氧化降解,用于该医药化工废水的深度处理具有较好的效果。在废水的pH=3的条件下,H2O2投加量为2000mg/L, FeSO4·7H2O投加量为750mg/L,反应时间2h, CODcr去除率达到25%。试验结果表明,采用铁炭内电解+A/O+MBBR/O法处理医药废水,出水水质稳定,耐冲击负荷能力较强。铁炭内电解对废水的可生化性有一定的提高,但是还未达到理想的生化条件。MBBR处理法应用于现有处理站生化系统的升级改造是可行的,可以在不改变构筑物池容的条件下提升现有生化单元的处理能力和处理效果,确保出水水质达标。更多还原

【Abstract】 A certain medicine plant is a typical chemistry pharmacy factory, its main products contain Keto glycoside, geranyl ester, astaxanthin.Iron-carbon micro-electrolysis process was presented according to organic wastewater produced in a pharmaceutical material plant. Considering the quality of high-strength wastewater, the mixed wastewater was made up of 30% high-strength wastewater pretreatment by Fe-C micro-electrolysis and 70% low-strength wastewater, and then it was treated by following biological method and advanced treatment.The results of this research are as follows:(1) The results showed that the optimal technological parameters were:pH value, mass ratio of solid to liquid,oscillating reaction time and mass ratio of Fe to C, being equal to 3,0.08,120 min and 3:1 respectively, the B/C was significantly increased, the biodegradability was greatly improved.(2) When the high-strength wastewater treated by iron-carbon micro-electrolysis, we could see the B/C value has increased from 0.10 up to 0.30, the wastewater was still not suitable for further biological treatment for there may contain some Substance not be removed by [H],[O], Fe2+ Fe3+, effluent pH was adjusted to neutral.The ferrous ion was conducive to the subsequent biological treatment.(3) The process has good prospects for its low-cost,also,which can provide a theoretical basis and reference for high concentration chemical wastewater treatment. Meanwhile, the use of scrap iron and actived carbon as raw material has a "by Waste" significance.(4) Organic matter was degradated by suspended and attached micro-organisms. The hydraulic retention time of A/O/MBBR/O process was 138h, dissolved oxygen was 2-5mg/L,under the conditions, the average removal rate of CODcr of this system was 81% in continuous 2 months.MBBR can greatly improve the biochemical pool volume load, reduced hydraulic retention time, reduce pool capacity.(5) The ferric chloride was selected as a coagulant, the optimal technological parameters were:pH= 4, coagulant dosage was 400mg/L.(6) Fenton can remove most of refractory organic pollutants in wastewater. The results showed that the optimal technological parameters were:pH, H2O2 dosage, FeSO4·7H2O dosage, reaction time being equal to 3,2000mg/L,750mg/L and 2h respectively,CODcr removal rate reached 25%.The results showed the effluent treated by iron-carbon micro-electrolysis and A/O/MBBR/O was stable. The biodegradability of high-strength wastewater pretreatment by Fe-C micro-electrolysis increased, but it did not reach the ideal biochemical condition. MBBR can be used in the existing treatment plant biochemical system reforming.lt can increase unit capacity and effectiveness without changing volume of the existing biological treatment tank, to ensure water quality.更多还原