【作者】 程浩；

【导师】 赵修建；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 太阳能电池作为一种清洁无污染的新能源技术而备受关注。本文对太阳能电池的发展历史,太阳能电池的分类、结构及原理、发展状况及存在的问题等进行了综述,其中染料敏化TiO2太阳能电池可望在现有太阳能电池基础上大幅度降低成本,但是由于其禁带宽度较大(3.2 eV),使其只能吸收紫外光,导致其转换效率较低,因此要对其进行敏化,以提高其转换效率。本文提出了用CdS量子点敏化透明TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜太阳能电池的设想。首先采用阳极氧化法在ITO导电玻璃上制备透明的TiO2纳米管阵列电极,然后采用连续离子层沉积法在TiO2电极上沉积CdS量子点,制备CdS量子点敏化TiO2光阳极,并组装电池对其进行性能测试和表征。主要研究内容和结果如下：1、采用磁控溅射法在ITO玻璃上沉积高质量的金属Ti膜,然后在NH4F的乙二醇溶液中进行阳极氧化,再经热处理,制备出透明TiO2纳米管阵列。分析了Ti膜制备和阳极氧化工艺参数对TiO2纳米管阵列形貌和性能的影响。结果表明：在300℃、功率为150W、0.5Pa氩气分压下沉积1h,能够得到致密、均匀、与基板结合紧密的Ti膜；阳极氧化电压为40V,电解液组成为0.3wt% NH4F、1vol%H2O的乙二醇溶液,热处理温度为450℃,热处理时间2h,能够制备出90-100nm,管壁为20nm左右,管长为1.67μm的透明的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管阵列电极。2、采用连续离子层沉积法,以Cd(NO3)2、Na2S为Cd2+、S2-的离子源,在不同溶剂中制备CdS量子点敏化TiO2光阳极。分析了溶剂和循环沉积次数对制备光阳极性能的影响。结果表明：以乙醇、甲醇/水为溶剂,能够增大TiO2纳米管对CdS的吸附能力,沉积的CdS量子点的尺寸为5-10nm,在(110)晶面有结晶取向,经4次循环沉积,CdS量子点敏化TiO2纳米管光阳极的转换效率最高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solar cell is in many people’s grace for its cleanness and non-pollution.In the paper, the develop history, current situation and existing problem of solar cell are expatiated, the structures and principles of different kinds of soalr cell are reviewed. Of which, the dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cell is expected to reduce the costs of the present soalr cell. TiO2 can only absorb the ultraviolet-light for the wide band-gap (3.2eV), which results to the low conversion efficiency. It is essential to sensitize it. Then, the assumption of CdS quantum dots sensitized TiO2 nanotube arrays film solar cell is plotted out. Firstly, the transparent TiO2 nanoubes array electrode on the ITO glass is fabricated, and then the CdS quantum dots are deposited on the electrode by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. Lastly the solar cell is assembled by use of the electrode as anode. The main contents and the resultes are listed as follow:(1) The titanium film with good quantity is deposited on the ITO glass by megnetron sputtering, and then the transparent TiO2 nanotubes array film is prepared by anodizing titanium films in the ethylene glycol (EG) electrolyte solution containing NH4F and annealing. The results show that:The optical deposition parameters is that:the substrate temperature is kept at 300℃, The base chamber pressure is below 3.0×10-3Pa. The argon gas pressure is 0.5 Pa during deposition. The sputtering power is 150 W. The length, inner diameter and wall thickness of the TiO2 nanotubes array, which is fabricated in the (EG) solution containing 0.3wt% NH4F, 1vol% H2O, at 40 V anodizing potential and annealing at 450℃for 2 h, are around 1.6μm,90 nm and 20 nm respectively.(2) The sensitization of the TiO2 nanotube array by CdS quantum dots is performed by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique, which the Cd(NO3)2, Na2S are used as the ion resources in different solvents. The results show that:the deposited CdS quantum dots by using the ethylalcohol and methanol as the solvent are more than the water, and the size of CdS quantum dots is 5-10nm and the crystalline orientation at (110). After 4 cycle deposition, the performance of the CdS quantum dots sensitized TiO2 nanotubes array is best.更多还原