【作者】 李辉；

【导师】 李腊元；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 计算机科学与技术， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络作为一种新型的数据采集技术,结合了微电子、无线通信和无线网络等多门学科,在工业控制、军事、医疗救助、环境监测等领域都有广泛的应用前景。在大多数应用中,获得传感器节点的物理位置是最基本的要求,然而,由于传感器节点数量庞大、随机分布,并且软硬件资源有限,因此研究有效的定位算法来确定每个节点的位置具有重要的理论意义与实用价值。本文在查阅大量相关文献的基础上,介绍了基于无线传感器网络定位技术的国内外研究现状,对无线传感器网络相关技术做了一个概述,并综述了无线传感器网络定位算法的性能评价标准和分类方法,着重介绍了几种典型的分布式定位算法原理和特点,包括DV-Hop, Euclidean等,并对其进行了仿真与分析。然后,本文重点针对目前三维空间定位算法的不足,根据未知节点通信范围内锚节点数目,建立空间向量模型进行定位,提出了一种新型的无线传感器网络三维定位机制,给出了算法的基本原理和在NS2和MATLAB仿真环境下的实现方法,并进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,该算法提高了节点的定位精度,减小了锚节点通信半径和密度对算法定位误差的影响。本文的主要创新点有：1)对无线传感器网络定位算法原理进行了研究,分析各种定位算法的特征和不足之处,并通过仿真实验对其进行分析比较,将移动代理技术引入到算法中,由移动代理来计算锚节点的最小跳数,以减少网络数据流量。2)对DV-Hop定位算法进行改进,将其引入到三维空间,建立空间向量模型进行估计未知节点坐标,并对初始估计位置进行迭代求精,来减少定位误差,提出了一种新型的无线传感器网络三维定位算法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor network, a novel data acquisition technique, integrates multifold subjects including microelectronic, wireless communication and wireless network, and is widely used in industrial controlling, military, medical assistance and environmental monitoring fields. In most applications, determining the physical positions of sensor nodes is the basic requirements. However, a large number of sensor nodes are deployed randomly, furthermore the nodes have limited software and hardware resources, therefore, it is meaningful to design an effective localization algorithm to identify the position of each node.The research status of wireless location techniques and Positioning systems for WSN are summarized based on the study of a lot of related literatures, In this thesis, the principles and characteristics of related approaches on WSN are discussed and presented. The criterion of performance evaluation and algorithms, the taxonomy for wireless sensor network localization systems are also described in the thesis. The principles and characteristics of recent representative distributed localization algorithms including DV-hop, Euclidean are also discussed, presented and compared on a single simulation platform. Then, as to the shortage of present Three-dimensional localization algorithm, this thesis established a vector space model based on the number of the anchor nodes from the communication range of unknown node and presented a Novel Three-dimensional Localization Scheme in Wireless Sensor Network, and then described the algorithm principle and realization in MATLAB simulation environment. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm is of great advantages in improving location accuracy, radius of communication and density of anchor nodes which have little effect on position error.Main innovation points of the thesis are as follows:Firstly, study the principles and characteristics of related localization algorithm principle of WSN, analyze the shortage of present localization algorithm and compare them. Applying the mobile agent technology into the Three-dimensional localization algorithm to count the minimal hops of anchor node so reduce network data flux. Secondly, Introduce the improved DV-Hop localization algorithm into three-dimensional space and establish a vector space model to estimate the number of the unknow nodes and compute the initialization location value repeatedly to reduce the location error. Then a novel three-dimensional localization Scheme in wireless sensor network is proposed.更多还原