【作者】 王亮；

【导师】 王邦虎；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 人类学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 对联是“诗中之诗”,是我国传统的,也是独特的文学艺术形式,对联“虽然短品,却是妙文”,是“汉字艺术中一道最亮丽的风景”。对联的创作,讲究措辞,形式对仗,还讲究对历史典故的引用。是研究中国传统文化的极佳对象,是极具研究价值的文化人类学课题。然而长期以来学术界对楹联研究主要集中在文学、史学方面。一是研讨楹联创作,形式创新。二是对对联发展流变的史实考证以及传统名联的内容考究。近年来,虽出现了一些探讨对联社会功能意义方面的研究趋势,令人鼓舞,然而真正从文化人类学的视角所做的对联研究仍然十分罕见。本文立足于文化人类学的理论与方法,研究对联的发展变化,探讨包含在对联这一文化符号背后的传统文化精髓,并通过在徽州地区的场域调查,向人们展示对联背后所包含的重要的传统文化价值信息与社会文化功能。全文共分为五章,第一章为导论,介绍此研究的基本方法与核心概念,并对目前我国有关对联的学术研究进行了分类与评述,在此部分本文旗帜鲜明的提出了自己的文化人类学视角下的研究思路与方法。第二章主要介绍对联的发展历史,着重从对联的渊源、对联的起点、对联的飞跃与高峰三个部分阐述研究内容。在对联的渊源部分,通过引述相关史料,揭示出桃符背后包含的两种巫术类型；在对联的起点部分,通过对现存四种学说的评论,提出了本文对这个问题的回答；在对联的飞跃与高峰部分,分别阐述了对联在宋代与明清时期所发生的重要功能与意义上的转变。本文在文化人类学的视角下,以对联所承担的文化功能为尺度,划分了对联发展的几个重要时期,分时期展示了对联在各个发展阶段的特点与所包含的不同的文化价值意义。第三章着重例举悬挂在徽州古民居中的楹联,分析其中所包含的重要价值信息,并对这些楹联粗略做了分类,这些楹联来自今天徽州地区的西递、宏村等古村落,至今仍然悬挂在普通居民的家中。第四章选取了作者在徽州调查时的一些场域资料,着重分析了徽州民居中楹联内容中的价值信息与徽州当地社会结构之间的关系,并从当地人们的生产生活方式的研究中,分析楹联在徽州社会所承担的特殊的社会文化功能。第五章作者通过文章的详细论述与分析,尝试总结概括对联——这一绵延数千年的文化符号至今仍然保持着活力的原因,发现其中包含的两个条件,一是物质载体,二是价值传达,并提倡在建设社会主义和谐社会中,要继续发挥好楹联的功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Couplet which is "the poem in poem" is the traditional and specific form of art in China. "Being short in length but wonderful in contents", couplet is "the most beautiful scenery among the art of characters". The creation of couplet requires a high standard of fine wording, the form of antithesis and the reference on historical allusion. It also qualifies as the excellent object of Chinese traditional culture and valuable project of the study of Cultural Anthropology. For a long time, the study of couplet has been confined to literature and history in academia:one aspect is the study of the creation of couplet, and the other aspect is historical research into the development and change of couplet. Although it is exciting to witness some research about social function and social significance published in recent years, it is still rare to find study on couplet from the perspective of Cultural Anthropology. Based on the theories and methods in Cultural Anthropology, the present thesis studies the development and changes of couplet through exploring the essence of traditional culture behind the couplet which is one of the cultural symbols and displays those significant information on traditional cultural values as well as social and cultural functions.Five chapters constitute this thesis which begins with introduction in which the author of the present thesis presents the basic method and core concepts of this study, and makes comments on the extant achievements. The researching methods that this thesis applies in the study are presented too in the first chapter. Chapter two introduces the history of couplet respectively through three parts-the origin, the starting point, the leaping development and the peak of the couplet. In the first part which is introducing origin, the thesis discloses the two types of witchcraft of couplet by citing referential historical documents. In the second part, the author of this thesis presents the answers to the question through commenting on the four extant studies. In the third part, this thesis elaborates on the significant functions and the changes of connotations respectively in Qing and Ming Dynisty. The third chapter analyzes the important information on value hiding in couplet by taking some of them hanging in the old dwellings in the old villages of Xidi, Hongcun,etc, in Hui County.Chapter four focuses on analyzing the relationship between the information on value in couplets mentioned in chapter three and the social structure of Hui County through choosing some of the filed work as examples. the special social and cultural functions couplets take in Hui County is discussed with the study of the ways of farming and living of local people.Chapter five try to give a conclusion based on the analysis foregoing and points out two benefits of such anthropological approach oriented study of Couplet. First couplet itself contains enlightenments in how to preserve our traditional culture. Second the Couplet is a beneficial tool in our nowadays harmony society construction.更多还原