【作者】 杨博；

【导师】 李珠；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 结构工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国社会经济的发展以及相关政策法规的出台,防灾减灾与建筑节能已经逐渐成为建筑物必须同时承载的双重历史使命。然而,在我国近420亿m2既有建筑中,99%为高耗能建筑,单位建筑面积采暖能耗为气候相近的发达国家新建建筑3～5倍;同时,这些既有建筑中存在大量由于设计、施工或历史等原因而造成结构不满足抗震需求的现象。也就是说,在我国存在大量既有建筑既不满足抗震安全性要求,同时也不满足建筑节能要求。虽然我国已分别出台了关于建筑结构抗震加固和节能改造的相关规定,但如何在同一项工程中将两者从检测、设计、施工和验收的全过程中有机结合,避免重复作业,节约成本,已成为土木工程领域急需解决的问题之一。基于此,本文提出了既有建筑抗震加固与节能改造一体化技术的概念。采用工程实践、有限元分析及热工分析等手段,对在数量上占既有建筑80%以上的砌体结构抗震加固与节能改造一体化的可行性和有效性进行了研究。主要研究内容如下:(1)给出了既有砌体结构一体化改造技术的概念,并将该项技术应用于太原纺织苑小区17号住宅楼的一体化改造工程中。通过该实际工程的实施和对改造后建筑节能效果的实测,验证了一体化技术的可行性及有效性。(2)借助ANSYS大型有限元分析软件,依据住宅楼实际受力情况,分别建立了采用传统抗震加固法及采用一体化改造技术后既有砌体结构的分析模型,并对其抗震性能进行了对比分析。(3)运用DeST-h热工分析软件,对一体化改造前后砌体结构围护结构的能耗情况进行了模拟分析,计算出整栋模型每个房间、每个系统和整个建筑一年(8760个小时)中每个小时的自然室温、逐时冷热负荷以及采暖季、空调季和全年的单位面积冷热负荷,量化了既有砌体结构一体化改造前后的耗能状况以及节能效果。通过以上工程实践及理论分析研究得出,由于既有砌体结构抗震加固与节能改造一体化技术从检测和设计阶段开始就将抗震加固技术与节能改造技术两者有机地结合在一起,从而实现了结构抗震加固和节能改造两项技术在施工和验收阶段的有效衔接,避免了分期改造所引起的工序增加、返工及重复施工的问题,有效地减少了施工工期,降低了工程造价,一体化改造后的工程不仅满足砌体结构地震安全性要求,而且房屋实用性及舒适度均得到了明显的提高。一体化技术的实施势必有效提高此类工程的改造效率,为国家节约大量的人力和物力,从而为我国的防灾减灾及建筑节能事业做出贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the wake of development of economic society and launch of related policies and laws and regulations, prevention and mitigation for disaster and energy saving of building are becoming dual historic missions which constructions bear. However, 99% of existing constructions, which are up to 4200 million m2, are high energy consumption building in China, and energy consumption in unit area of energy consumption buildings is 3~5 times than new constructions built in developed country which experiences similar climate as China does. Meanwhile, due to designing, constructional and historic reasons, phenomena of dissatisfaction of anti-earthquake request occurred in existing buildings. That is to say, there are lots of existing buildings can not satisfy safety request of seismic resistance as well as of energy consumption request of constructions. Although related prescripts of seismic retrofitting and energy saving have been launched in China, how to realize combination of seismic retrofitting and energy saving in processes of detection, design, construction and checked reception, avoid repetition work, and save building cost have been urgent problems in civil engineering field.Based on above statement, the paper presents a concept of seismic retrofitting and energy-saving reconstruction technique for existing buildings. With adopting means of application of practical project, infinite element analysis and thermotechnical analysis etc, the paper studies on feasibility and validity of seismic retrofitting and energy-saving reconstruction of masonry structures which is 80% of existing buildings. Here are main researches:(1) The concept of seismic retrofitting and energy-saving reconstruction technique for existing buildings is put forward in the paper and application of technique on synthesis remould of residential buildings in Fangzhiyuan community in Taiyuan city. Through application of practical projects and real-time measure of energy-saving effect of synthesis-reconstructed building, feasibility and validity of synthesis-reconstructed technique is validated in the paper.(2) In virtue of infinite element analysis software of ANSYS, the paper established analysis modals based on actual stress of residential building of existing masonry structures which adopted traditional seismic retrofitting technique and synthesis seismic retrofitting technique separately, and compared and analyzed seismic performance of them.(3) Through DeST-h of thermal analysis software, the paper analyzed and compared energy consumption of envelop enclosure between synthesis-reconstructed and unconstructed masonry structure, and calculated ungenerated room temperature and real-time load of heating and cooling in every hour of each room, each system and whole building in entire year(8760 hs). So was load of heating and cooling of unit area on heating season, air-conditioning season and entire year. As a result of above results, energy consumption situation and level of energy-saving of synthesis-reconstructed and unconstructed masonry structure were quantized in the paper.Via theoretical analysis and application of practical engineering, the paper obtained a conclusion that combination of seismic retrofitting and energy-saving was realized at the beginning of detection and design stage in synthesis-reconstructed building, accordingly, effective cohesion of seismic retrofitting and energy-saving was achieved on construction and checked reception stage of seismic retrofitting and energy-saving , avoided problems of additional construction procedure, reconstructed work and repeating construction caused by stage construction, and time and cost of project was reduced effectively. Synthesis-reconstructed project can not only satisfy safety request of anti-earthquake, but also practicability and comfort of house were enhanced evidently. Implement of synthesis construction technique must bring up construction efficiency of such project, save amount of manpower and material for the country so as to make contribution for prevention and mitigation for disaster and energy saving of building industy.更多还原