【作者】 张琳；

【导师】 黄晋太；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 经过30年的改革开放,当代青少年面对的道德环境发生了巨大的变化,这些变化使青少年的品德发展呈现出许多独特的时代特征。青少年在道德教育中表现出更为强烈的主体意识,这对道德教育提出了更高层次的要求。同时,因传统道德教育失位而造成的青少年犯罪、轻生等相关新闻屡屡见诸报端,严峻的现状一次次拷问着青少年品德教育的政策制定者和教育者。青少年时期是道德品质发展的关键期。根据科尔伯格的道德认知理论,我们认识到在这段长达近二十年的道德认知发展过程中,青少年的道德评价标准处在不断地变化之中。在这段时期,如何通过适当教育减少青少年出现不良道德行为,始终是学校、家庭、社会关注的焦点。党和国家高度重视青少年道德品质的发展,围绕着这个主题制订了大量相关的政策,这些政策以及由此展开的教育行为,对培养青少年的道德修养产生了积极的作用。如今,随着信息时代的到来,青少年表现出愈发强烈的自我意识,他们追求自由、个性张扬,希望得到社会和他人更多的关注。受教育者这种主体意识极大增长的变化,使得原有教育方式开始表现的有些力不从心。如何形成适合新一代青少年的道德教育方式,成为当今教育者面临的作主要的问题。因此,在促进青少年道德发展的过程中,思想政治教育者肩负着比以往更重的责任。他们需要以更深刻的洞察力,去发现新时期青少年的群体特点；需要以更多的人文关怀,设身处地的为青少年品德的健康发展寻求冷酷说教之外的途径；也同样需要以开阔新的思维,着力营造有助于青少年实现自我品德修养的社会氛围。在新型的思想品德教育过程中,教师和家长都要摒弃过去以“命令者”自居的心理,首先要科学地了解青少年的心理特点和需求,结合他们道德观念发展的阶段性特征,从他们所面临的现实生活出发,把发挥青少年“主动性”作为道德教育的出发点。教师和家长要学会和青少年进行平等的对话,尊重他们的主体地位,在教学和生活中通过创设道德教育情境,对青少年进行启发式教学。新型思想品德教育“以人为本”的特质并非对青少年放手不管,而是要消除原有思想品德教育中强制性、标准化的弊端,给予青少年足够的关注和引导,帮助他们运用主观能动性辨别自身的行为是否符合良好道德品质的要求,最终使青少年获得自我品德修养的能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 After 30 years of reform and opening up the face of contemporary young people’s moral education environment has undergone tremendous changes that young people’s moral development presents many unique features of the times. Young people in the moral education of the subjective consciousness significantly enhanced, to set a higher level of moral education requirements. At the same time, due to lack of moral education caused juvenile delinquency, suicide and other related news repeatedly hit the newspapers, severe torture, the status quo time and again the policy-makers and educators.During adolescence is a critical period of development of moral qualities. According to Kohlberg’s moral cognitive theory, we recognize that for nearly two decades in this process of moral development, young people’s moral evaluation criteria are in constant change, How do during this period, through appropriate education to enable young people to avoid the ethical problems, has been the schools, families, the focus of attention. Party and the state have also attached great importance to the development of adolescent moral character, has developed around the theme of a large number of relevant policies. These policies and the resulting educational activities carried out once in cultivating moral training of young people had a positive effect.However, with the advent of the information age, young people increasingly demonstrated a strong sense of self. Their pursuit of freedom and make themselves known by others, the community and others want more attention. Subject of education of these new changes, making the existing educational methods has begun to show some of its inadequacies. How to form a new generation of young people for the moral education approach for today’s educators face as the main problem. Therefore, in promoting the moral development of young people in the process of ideological and political education are shouldering heavier responsibilities than ever before. They need to gain a deeper insight into the new era of young people to find groups of characteristics; the need for more humanistic care for the shoes of each character in the healthy development of young people to seek ways outside the cold sermon; Also need to open a new way of thinking, focus on young people to pursue self-realization of the society as a whole atmosphere of moral cultivation.In the new ideological and moral education process, teachers and parents have to abandon the past, "educators" themselves as the psychological, we must first understand the needs of young people’s psychological characteristics, combined with their stage of moral development, characteristics, from their face starting the realities of life, give play to the youth "initiative" as the starting point of moral education. Teachers and parents to learn and youth dialogue on an equal footing and respect their dominant position in the teaching and life situation through the creation of moral education for young people to heuristic teaching. A new ideological and moral education "people-oriented" qualities which are not for young people hands-off, but to eliminate the existing political education mandatory, standardized defects, to give young people adequate attention and guidance to help them use their own initiative to identify the behavior compliance with the requirements of good moral character and ultimately our young people the ability to self-cultivation of moral character.更多还原