【作者】 孙薇；

【导师】 王剑钢；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 生物医学工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 红外光谱技术在生物医学领域中应用广泛,本论文主要针对于尿液中重要成分的分析和检测。在研究尿液中主要成分的特性、临床检测的意义以及传统生化测量方法的前提下,以红外光谱法的基本原理,如重要的分子振动光谱学和朗伯-比尔定律等知识为基础,掌握该检测技术的基础理论和红外光谱特征,了解最佳光程长理论及数据的分析模型和研究方法,分别基于近红外、中红外光谱的特征进行了尿液成分分析的基础性探索。在掌握了红外光谱法检测尿液成分的机理后,对近红外、中红外检测法进行了相关的技术比较和优劣分析,进而为其实际的应用作以理论准备。在综合考虑各方面因素和现有实验条件后,选择近红外波长的红外发光二极管作为实验设计的光源,配合以相同波长敏感范围内的光电池进行尿液检测的红外光谱法应用探索。在应用中,研究并设计了光源系统的发送、会聚及接收等基本装置,增强了光学设备的稳定性和可行性;选择STC12C2052AD单片机及其他电子技术,以小巧、简易、便携的设计理念,完成系统方案的优化设计与试制,并经测试证明应用红外光谱法检测尿液成分具有可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urine Detection is one of the three main clinical examination, which is painless and easily. Changes in urine composition can reflect not only the lesions of reproductive system of the human, but also some diseases with liver, or metabolic ones. It is of great value for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring work. For example, diagnosing diabetes with the clinical urine detection; preventing some occupational diseases according to the heavy metal elements of the urine content; observing the treatment of the inflammation of urinary system for patients, such as urinary stone and other disorders. Therefore, it is of great significance for human health, medical diagnosis and clinical analysis.There is a great value in spectral analysis of urine composition, which increasingly concerned by scientific researchers worldwide. Spectroscopy of the major components of urine, such as glucose, albumin, urea, uric acid, creatinine and creatine, is an important clinical application and not only has gradually becoming the great potential of the tool of the analytical field, but also a green analysis that fast, accurate, no reagents, no damage to the sample. Spectral analysis of urine composition can achieve the required of clinical analysis- fast getting the test results, while can also reduce the testing costs, improve quality and safety performance of diagnose.For this paper, the aim is to study the theory of infrared spectroscopy of biochemical components in urine, to construct the circuit devices using the knowledge of basic theory of infrared spectroscopy combined with modern electronic technology, to test glucose, protein constituents of urine fast, efficiently, economically, with no dipstick, no reagents. During working on the thesis, I made the following major outcomes:a) Analyze the status quo and methods of urine composition detection, as well as applications of near-infrared, mid-infrared spectroscopy in the clinical detection field. Learn the fundamental principles and data analysis methods of infrared spectroscopy, and better understand Lambert - Beer law and the best optical path length theory. b) Has completed the preliminary exploration of the near-infrared, mid-infrared spectroscopy techniques for the detection of urine components, analyzed the feasibility and superiority of the technologic applications and determined the best optimum conditions of the experimental design. Made out the urine composition measurement techniques based on spectroscopy experiments, forming the overall construction- a simple, operational portable instrument, and also completed its major systems component design, circuit layout, circuit testing work. Also optimized its function and the technical specifications to ensure the circuit stability, accuracy and rapid, as well as improved its anti-interference ability. c) The contents of this paper has been reviewed and analyzed constantly, to confirm the validity and relevance with infrared spectroscopy of the work. By summarizing the key information and technological advantages, has planned to make a reasonable arrangement for the further work.In the process of exploration, the practical application has continuous improved. I also discovered the key points of using infrared spectroscopy techniques to detect urine components, and summarized as follows, as the main direction for future work: a) Urine is a multi-component complex system, and the characteristic absorption bands of the main components often exist overlapping areas, as well as water absorption is extremely strong around some bands. As a result, the accessible effective information of this detection is relatively low, which most influences the data analysis of single-chip. It will not recognize the urine composition that in a characteristic absorption band. So, I have recognized that: the actual testing must be to determine the best measurement conditions, be able to ensure an accurate measurement results. Therefore, it is will be a long-term and challenging work.b) In this experiment, in order to effectively get the information of samples, we must take into account the design of optical structure- compact, closed and integrity to ensure that the signal detector receives the information of infrared spectrum to achieve the best result. So, we should try to reduce the interference of other equipments, which include the major critical light source, optical alignment system, reasonable choice of the container materials of the sample, and the best optical path length, etc. In addition, the choice of electronic components must be considered the requirements and objectives of the work, as far as possible to achieve portability and practicality purposes. The hardware layout of the circuit must be reasonably conducted to avoid mutual interference of the circuit module and external electromagnetic noise, to improve signal to noise ratio of the circuit.更多还原