【作者】 陈伟；

【导师】 谢素明；

【作者基本信息】 大连交通大学 ， 车辆工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 为探索出一套能够用于轨道客车全频段噪声研究的较为合理和科学的建模和预测分析方法以及为车室内噪声控制与设计提供理论依据,最终提高室内噪声品质。本文以某碳钢卧铺车和高速动车组头车为研究对象,利用有限元法、边界元法和统计能量法对这两种客车室内声学特性进行研究。首先,以某碳钢卧铺车为研究对象。在阅读大量文献和基本理论的同时,建立了某客车卧铺车厢高频噪声分析的整车统计能量分析模型,并确定了统计能量参数。通过施加轮轨噪声源激励载荷对该车室内噪声进行预测,并通过与实车测试的噪声实验数据进行比较来证实所建立模型的工程应用有效性;通过铺设阻尼材料和吸声材料来研究室内噪声的声压影响情况,从而,提出减振降噪的优化方案和预期要达到的效果。考虑存在泄漏的情况下,在轮轨辐射噪声作用下,研究包厢壁板及泄漏对包厢内声压的贡献分析,澄清了地板振动是包厢内较低频噪声的主要贡献者,缝隙泄漏则是室内较高频噪声的主要贡献者。并对该车进行了综合降噪治理,取得了良好的降噪效果。其次,以高速动车组头车为研究对象,运用有限元和边界元相结合的方法对客车转向架激励下车身壁板结构振动引起的车内辐射噪声进行研究,求出特定观察点在不同频率处的声压值及观察面的声压分布特点。并分析了车身板件的声学贡献,为内部声场控制提供理论依据。最后,运用统计能量法对由于轮轨辐射噪声、空调噪声等引起的高速动车组头车室内高频辐射噪声进行研究。由于头车的乘客室底架、侧墙、地板和车顶均由大型的中空挤压型材焊接而成,结构复杂,利用周期性建模方法创建了头车SEA模型;并对模型进行声学仿真分析,同时运用其它简化方法与周期性建模方法的计算结果进行对比,并对铺设降噪材料后室内声压的变化特性进行研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore a set of methods that are more reasonable and scientific modeling and forecasting analytical way which included all frequency and further enrich the research content of noise design in railway passenger car. Furthermore, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the noise control and design of low-frequency in the railway passenger car. This paper is based on the research of the carbon steel sleeping passenger car and the high-speed railway vehicle, the contents of the research are of the characteristics of interior noise in the both type of railway vehicle based on the methods of FEM,BEM and SEA.First of all, the carbon steel sleeping passenger car is the research object. After reading a lot of literature and basic theories, the SEA model is built and the SEA parameters are calculated. It predicts that the interior noise of the railway passenger car caused by wheel-rail incentive sources and confirms the effectiveness of the established model in engineering applications through the noise contrast between the experimental data and the simulation data of the model; the impact of sound pressure in interior through the laying of damping and sound-absorbing material is studied, as a result, optimization programs and expects to achieve results about vibration and noise reduction are proposed. The analysis of contribution of the plates when consider the leakage is researched, and the result of the research show that the main contributor is caused by leakages in higher-frequency and in low-frequency is caused by the floor vibration. This research is carried out a comprehensive noise control and achieves good results for the noise reduction.Secondly, the paper also takes the high-speed railway vehicle as the research object for radiation noise caused by the vibration of panels in passenger train through the way of FEM and BEM. The sound pressure of a specific observation point is calculated and found the distributed characteristics on observed surface at different frequency. The basic data for the internal sound field control through analyze the acoustic contribution of panels are provided.Finally, high-frequency radiated noise of high-speed train based on SEA, by which caused wheel-rail radiation noise, air-conditioning noise are researched. Because its side wall, floor and roof are all welded by large-scale hollow extruded profiles, the structures are so complex, the way of periodic modeling and finite element theory to simplify the complex structure are used to calculate the dynamic response and acoustic properties of complex structures. While using the other method to simplify the acoustic simulation model, and then contrast the result with two types of result. The characteristics of sound pressure in interior noise are researched after laying of the noise reduction materials.更多还原