【作者】 陈敏；

【导师】 邓赐平；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国市场经济体制的逐步完善和高校连续多年来的扩招,大学生就业难的问题日渐凸显,引发了社会各界的高度关注,掌握大学生的择业取向和就业心理,有针对性地对大学生进行就业指导,拓宽高校毕业生就业渠道是关系我国和谐发展的重大课题。大学生正处于个性发展,人生观、世界观形成的重要时期,了解和研究大学生的自尊特点,对促进大学生的自我成长有着至关重要的作用。研究旨在通过考察大学生的自尊这个自我的核心内容来了解大学生自我成长的情况及其与大学生择业取向之间的关系,从中发现大学生择业心理的新特点、新规律,并针对大学生自我发展、高校就业指导提出建议,有的放矢地提高大学生的自尊水平,指导大学生树立科学的择业取向,合理定位,扩展择业空间,成功就业。本研究采用二维自尊量表和自编的大学生就业准备与择业取向问卷,对419名大学生进行深入调查,并考察了大学生自尊水平与择业取向之间的关系。研究结果显示:1、家庭经济水平不同的大学生在就业准备上有显著差异,总体上说,家庭经济水平越高的大学生在就业准备上就越充分。2、就业准备上存在年级差异。在资讯收集和工作经验得分上,大四学生要显著高于其他三个年级的学生。3、择业取向上存在年级差异。大四学生在择业取向上比其他年级的学生更倾向考虑有利于自我发展的职业。4、家庭经济水平不同的大学生在择业取向有显著差异。家庭经济小康及一般的大学生在择业时对物质保障的考虑远远高于来自贫穷家庭的大学生。5、自尊水平存在年级差异。大四学生的自我悦纳水平显著高于其他年级。6、自尊、择业取向、就业准备之间的关系是:自我悦纳因子上得分较高的大学生更倾向于选择具备自我发展和物质保障特性的职业,在就业准备上更倾向于资讯收集和职业规划。自我能力感得分较高的大学生更倾向选择具备自我发展和物质保障特性的职业,在就业准备上比较重视职业规划,且对实践活动持更积极的态度。7、就业准备与择业取向的关系是:在择业取向上倾向考虑自我发展因素的大学生,比在择业取向上倾向考虑社会需求、物质保障因素的大学生做更充分的就业准备。基于研究结果,论文提出了相应的建议。建议大学生应立足于自我发展的角度,提高自我能力感和自我悦纳,从而提高自尊水平。社会和学校应该给学生提供较好的就业环境、就业指导和就业服务,通过各方面共同努力,做好学生的自我发展教育工作,激发学生寻找就业岗位的热情和敢于面对困难、为理想职业奋斗的勇气,学会适应象牙塔外的世界,顺利地择业,从业,在适合自己的工作岗位上实现个人价值和社会价值的统一。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of socialist market economy system and the university expansion plan for many years, the problem of college students’ employment have being a major one in the process of building harmonious society in China. It has drawn unprecedented concern of society. How to grasp college students’ employment orientation and their employment psychology? How to instruct students to select job? How to broaden their scope of job-searching ? Those are the key subjects which are related to the harmonious development of our nation.College students are in a crucial period of formation of character, philosophy and the sense of worth. It’s important for college students’ self-accomplishment to understand their self-esteem level. In this paper, I’ d like to find out the relationship between college students’ self-accomplishment and the general situation while they are seeking jobs. What’ s more, I’ d like to discover some new features and rules in their employment orientation; then, to make suggestions on the self-development of college students and on the employment guidance in university, in order to improve the level of students’ self-esteem, guide students to adjust their expectations in finding a job, and last, expand reasonable employment to achieve success.This paper mainly uses the SCLS-R and the questionnaire made by myself to investigate and analyze the relationship between college students’ self-esteem and the employment orientation. To sum up, 419 college students were questioned. The result indicates as follow:1. There is significant difference in the employment preparation of students with different economics status. Generally speaking, the more prosperous the students are, the more adequate the students prepare.2.There is significant difference in the employment preparation of students from different grades. Obviously, the senior do best in the collecting information and gaining work experience.3. There is grade difference in the employment orientation of students. The senior tend to consider the job which will be beneficial to their self-development.4. There is significant difference in the employment orientation of students with different economics status. The investigation shows that, the students from well-to-do family and the general family pay more attention to the job’ s material guarantee than those from needy one. 5.Also, there is grade difference in the level of self-esteem. In varied degree, the senior’ s self-acceptance was significant higher than the students from other grades.6. The relationships among the self-esteem, employment orientation and employment preparation are as follow: those who get higher mark in the aspect of self-acceptance tend to choose the job which has better material guarantee and the space of self-development. They collect employment information and do career design by consulting experienced ones when they are prepare to find a satisfactory job. Those who have higher self-competence tend to choose similar job with the former. More than the former, they value the career design more and hold positive notions of practical activity.7. The relationship between the employment preparation and the orientation is that: those who tend to consider the self-development more make thorough employment preparations than the ones who tend to value the social needs.In the last place, the paper submits proposes for the research. The society and school should create a healthy employment environment for students to increase their sense of safety in hunting a ideal job. Through the joint efforts of all parties concerned, we should do our best to achieve purpose: firstly, improve students’ self-esteem; secondly, stimulate their incentives when they hunt a job; thirdly, make the students pluck up their courage to overcome difficulty and make a living at it; fourthly, help the students learn to adapt themselves to the society. By these means, we can help the students to find an ideal job, getting united at enhancing their personal value and realizing social value.更多还原