【作者】 侯林；

【导师】 邹晓燕；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 学前教育学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 自主性是依靠自己的力量实现自己合理选择的目标的愿望和能力。自主性包括三个维度:自我依靠、自我控制和自我主张。鉴于时间及条件的限制,本研究只限定于研究自主性的个人价值取向,即自我依靠和自我主张两个方面。近年来,国内外学者对自主性进行了大量的研究发现,自主性受多方面因素的影响,尤其是父母教养方式对儿童自主性的影响是被普遍承认的,但关于父母教养方式的潜在影响因素——父母人格的相关研究还较少。从目前的研究来看,还没有父母人格与儿童自主性之间的相关研究。因此,本研究旨在探讨母亲人格与5岁儿童自主性之间的关系。本研究的完成可以丰富儿童心理发展的理论;从实践上可以对幼儿家庭教育提供一些参考。本研究采用问卷和实验相结合的方法。母亲人格测量采用问卷法。先后分两次从大连市和沈阳市随机抽取3~5岁儿童的母亲分别为800名和600名,并回收有效问卷分别为610份和472份,用于修订人格问卷。儿童自主性水平测量采用实验法。从大连市随机抽取5岁儿童34名进行自主性实验,并请参与自主性实验的儿童母亲填写修订后的人格问卷。最后,对母亲人格与儿童自主性之间的关系进行相关分析和回归分析处理。本研究结果表明:1.修订的人格问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可以作为测查母亲人格的工具。2.母亲的经验开放性与儿童自主性总分、自我依靠和自我主张均呈显著正相关;即经验开放性高的母亲,其儿童的自主性发展水平高,经验开放性低的母亲,其儿童的自主性发展水平低。且进一步的回归分析结果表明,母亲的经验开放性既影响儿童自主性总体的发展,也影响自主性两个维度(自我依靠和自我主张)的发展。3.母亲的宜人性与儿童自主性总分呈显著正相关;即宜人性高的母亲,其儿童的自主性发展水平高;宜人性低的母亲,其儿童的自主性发展水平低;而与自主性两个维度(自我依靠和自我主张)也呈正相关,但相关均不显著。且进一步的回归分析结果表明,二者不存在因果关系。4.母亲的外倾性与儿童的自我主张呈显著正相关;即外倾性高的母亲,其儿童的自我主张发展水平高;外倾性低的母亲,其儿童的自我主张发展水平低;但与儿童的自我依靠和自主性总分相关均不显著。且进一步的回归分析结果表明,母亲的外倾性影响儿童自我主张的发展。5.母亲的经验开放性、外倾性和宜人性在不同学历上的差异显著。6.母亲人格维度在不同职业上的差异不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Autonomy is the desire and ability to achieve their reasonable goal by depending on one’s own strengths, which consists of three dimensions: self-reliance, self-control and self-assertion. In view of the limit of time and conditions, this study is limited to study the individual values of autonomy which consist of self-reliance and self-assertion. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad who largely study autonomy have found that various factors affect the development of autonomy. Especially, it is generally recognized that parenting affects the development of children’s autonomy, but the potential influence factor of parenting– parents’personality has fewer correlative study. So far as the current study is concerned, there is no correlative study between parents’personality and children’s autonomy. Therefore, this study will explore the relationship between maternal personality and 5-year-old children’s autonomy. The completion of this study can enrich the theories of psychological development of children and provide some reference for family education of early childhood in practice.The research methods refer to questionnaire and experiment. Questionnaire is used in measuring maternal personality. 3 to 5-year-old children’mothers who are twice taken at random from Dalian and Shenyang city are 800 and 600 respectively. The collectably valid questionnaires are 610 and 472 respectively, which are used in revising personality questionnaire. Experiment is used in measuring the level of children’s autonomy. 34 five-year-old children who are taken at random from Dalian city are engaged in the experiment of autonomy. Mothers of participants of the experiment are requested to fill out the revised personality questionnaires. Finally, the relationship between maternal personality and children’s autonomy will be treated with correlative and regressive analysis.The results of this study show that: 1. Revised personality questionnaire has higher reliability and validity, which can serve as a tool to measure maternal personality. 2. Maternal openness to experience is significantly positively related to the total score of autonomy, self-reliance and self-assertion of children. Maternal high openness to experience is associated with the high level of children’s autonomy; maternal low openness to experience is associated with the low level of children’s autonomy. The result of further regressive analysis shows that not only does maternal openness to experience affect the development of children’s overall autonomy, but also affects the development of two dimensions (self-reliance and self-assertion) of autonomy. 3. Maternal agreeableness is significantly positively related to the total score of children’s autonomy. Maternal high agreeableness is associated with the high level of children’s autonomy; maternal low agreeableness is associated with the low level of children’s autonomy; and maternal high agreeableness is also positively related to two dimensions (self-reliance and self-assertion) of autonomy, but no significant correlation. The result of further regressive analysis shows that there is no causal relationship between them. 4. Maternal extroversion is significantly positively related to children’s self-assertion. Maternal high extroversion is associated with the high level of children’s self-assertion; maternal low extroversion is associated with the low level of children’s self-assertion; but no significant correlation with self-reliance and the total score of autonomy of children. The result of further regressive analysis shows that maternal extroversion affects the development of children’s self-assertion. 5. There are significant differences of the different level of education for maternal openness to experience, extroversion and agreeableness. 6. There are no significant differences of the different type of occupation for five dimensions of maternal personality.更多还原