【作者】 李斌；

【导师】 董召荣；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在以田间试验为依据,研究了不同密度和氮肥基追比例对超高产小麦烟农19号和西农979号产量和品质的调控效应。研究结果表明:1密度和氮肥运筹对超高产小麦产量的影响不同密度和氮肥基追比例对超高产小麦的产量均有明显的调节作用。适当密度,合理氮肥基追比例可以协调产量结构,显著提高小麦产量。烟农19和西农979均在中密度(基本苗300×104 hm-2)下,氮肥基追比例为5:5和4:6配置下,产量达到或较为接近超高产水平(产量≥9000kg·hm-2)。其中烟农19的A3B1C2,西农979的A2B2C2组合最优,产量分别达到9576.67 kg·hm-2和9133.93 kg·hm-2。淮北地区超高产麦田保持中等种植密度和适当增加生育中、后期的追氮比例,有助于有效协调两品种超高产小麦的产量结构之间的平衡,从而实现小麦的超高产。2密度和氮肥运筹对超高产小麦群体质量的影响氮肥基追比例相同时,密度增大,茎蘖数增加,叶面积指数增高,干物质积累增大;当密度相同时,经济系数与追氮量成正比,即增加追氮比例有利于碳水化合物运转能力的提高,随氮肥后移茎蘖数、叶面积指数、干物质积累增加。密度和氮肥基追比例对超高产小麦的茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累等群体结构有重要影响。烟农19在密度300×104 hm-2,氮肥基追比4:6组合处理和西农979在密度300×104 hm-2,氮肥基追比5:5组合处理的成熟期茎蘖数分别为728.24×104hm-2、647.76×104hm-2,抽穗期叶面积指数分别为6.56、6.77,成熟期干物质积累分别为17419.75kg·hm-2、18937.85kg·hm-2,群体结构较为协调,且小麦生长后期叶面积衰减速率均相对减缓。3密度和氮肥运筹对超高产小麦旗叶衰老的影响同等密度条件下,增加追氮比例处理有利于延缓旗叶衰老,同等基追比例条件下,降低密度处理有利于延缓旗叶衰老;密度、氮肥基追比例对烟农19和西农979旗叶衰老有重要调节作用,且密度与氮肥基追比例之间存在互作效应。两种超高产小麦旗叶衰老指标随追肥比例增加衰老延缓,随密度变化不一致,叶绿素、超氧物歧化酶含量随密度的减小而增大,过氧化物酶、丙二醛则随密度增加而增大。密度150×104 hm-2、基追比例5:5处理旗叶叶绿素、超氧物歧化酶含量最高,且与其它处理差异达到显著水平;过氧化物酶、丙二醛则是密度450×104 hm-2、基追比例5:5处理旗叶含量最高,密度、氮肥基追比例对两种超高产小麦叶绿素含量、超氧物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、丙二醛等衰老指标有显著的调节作用。增加追氮比例有利于延缓旗叶衰老,密度则对旗叶衰老指标影响的规律不一致。4密度和氮肥运筹对超高产小麦品质的影响两种超高产小麦的湿面筋含量和沉降值均随密度的增大而减小,烟农19湿面筋含量减小的幅度最大为8%,西农979减小的最大幅度为8.1%,两种超高产小麦的湿面筋含量和沉降值均随密度的增大变化规律一致,无显著差异。烟农19沉降值减小的幅度最大为3.9ml,西农979为3.3ml,较烟农19变化范围较小。形成时间、稳定时间随密度的增大均呈现上升的趋势,烟农19形成时间上升幅度为1.03-2.37min,稳定时间为0.09-2.41min;西农979形成时间上升幅度为0.63-1.24min,稳定时间为0.29-1.41min;较烟农19范围小。氮肥基追比对烟农19籽粒品质具有明显影响,氮肥基追比为4﹕6和5﹕5的处理较氮肥基追比为6﹕4的处理,能极显著水平提高籽粒容重。不同追氮量处理中,随追氮量的后移籽粒容重呈逐渐增加的趋势。各处理之间的含水量随氮肥基追比呈略微下降的趋势,通过方差分析可知无显著差异。随追氮比例增大,两种超高产品种面粉形成时间、稳定时间均延长,通过方差分析可知,呈显著性差异。5密度和氮肥运筹对超高产小麦茎秆倒伏的影响烟农19在播种密度为450×104 hm-2的3个处理重心高度均大于49.43cm,倒伏程度均大于0.94,倒伏程度全部达到3级,密度为300×104 hm-2、氮肥基追比例为6:4组合处理重心高度为48.33cm,倒伏程度达1.06,倒伏程度为1级,其他处理无倒伏;西农979的倒伏情况均发生在播种密度为450×104 hm-2处理,基追比例4:6和基追比例6:4处理倒伏程度达到2级,基追比例为5:5处理倒伏程度为1级。烟农19的节间的长度、外径、壁厚和重心高度与倒伏指数的相关性很强,相关系数均达到了极显著水平,节间长度和重心高度与倒伏指数存在极显著正相关关系,外径和壁厚与倒伏指数之间存在极显著负相关关系,且壁厚负相关性大于外径;西农979的节间的长度、外径和壁厚与倒伏指数的相关性很强,相关系数均达到极显著水平,节间长度与倒伏指数存在极显著正相关关系,外径和壁厚与倒伏指数之间存在极显著负相关关系,且外径负相关性大于壁厚,而重心高度与倒伏指数正相关不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the predecessor about the different type of spide quality and output research foundation, take the field test as the basis, has studied the nitrogen fertilizer and the density mutually opposes the different type of spide high production wheat the output and quality effect.The findings show that:1 Effects of density and nitrogen fertilizer applied ratio on yield and its components of super higher-output wheatsDifferent density and nitrogen fertilizer applied ratio of the super-high-yield production of wheat have shown the role of the regulator. Appropriate density, to recover a reasonable proportion of nitrogen-based structure can be output, significantly increase the yield of wheat. Yannong19 and xinong 979 are medium density (300×104 basic seedling /hm2), the nitrogen-based recovery of 5:5 and 4:6 ratio of configuration, production, or is closer to the level of super-high-yield (yield≥9000kg?hm-2).The best combinations are A3B1C2 of yannong19 and A2B2C2 of Xinong979, the highest yield reached 9576.67 kg?hm-2 and 9133.93 kg?hm-2.Super high-yielding wheat field in Huaibei area middle planting density and to maintain an appropriate increase fertility, the proportion of late nitrogen, contribute to effective coordination of the two ultra-high-yielding wheat varieties of the balance between production structure in order to achieve super-high-yield wheat.2. Effects of different density and nitrogen application techniques on population qualities of super-high-yield wheatsThe proportion of nitrogen-based recovery of the same density, increase in tiller number, leaf area index increased, dry matter accumulation increased; when the density is the same, the economic factor and the recovery of nitrogen is proportional to the ratio of nitrogen to increase the recovery of carbohydrates in favor of operation capability, with the shift of nitrogen fertilizer after the tiller number, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation increased. Density and the ratio of nitrogen-based recovery of the super high-yielding wheat tiller dynamics, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and other groups have an important impact on the structure.Yannong19 in 300×104 basic seedling/hm2, nitrogen-based than the 4:6 combination of the recovery process and Xinong 979 in 300×104 basic seedling/hm2, nitrogen-based recovery to deal with than the 5:5 combination of the number of mature tiller were 728.24×104hm-2, 647.76×104hm-2, leaf area index at heading stage were 6.56、6.77, respectively, dry matter accumulation of mature 17419.75kg?hm-2, 18937.85kg?hm-2, a more co-ordination group structure and late leaf area of wheat growth are relatively slow decay rate.3. Effects of different density and nitrogen application techniques on Senescence of Flag Leaf of super-high-yield wheatThe same density conditions, the increase in the proportion of nitrogen will help to deal with delayed flag leaf senescence, the same proportion of the base under the conditions of recovery, reducing the density of slow processing in favor of flag leaf senescence; density, the ratio of nitrogen-based recovery of the tobacco growers Xinong 19 and flag leaf senescence 979 an important regulatory role, and the density and the ratio of nitrogen-based recovery of mutual effect between. Two super-high-yield wheats flag leaf senescence indicators increased with the aging delay dressing, with inconsistent density, chlorophyll, superoxide dismutase content decreases with increasing density, peroxidase and malondialdehyde are increased with increasing density Great. 150×104 basic seedling/hm2, the base ratio of 5:5 up to deal with flag leaf chlorophyll, superoxide dismutase content in the highest, and to deal with other differences reached a significant level; peroxidase, malondialdehyde is 450×104 basic seedling/hm2, the base ratio of 5:5 up to deal with the highest content of flag leaf. Test showed that the density, the ratio of nitrogen-based recovery of two super-high-yield wheats chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, malondialdehyde and other indicators of aging significant regulatory role. Increase in the proportion of nitrogen will help delay the flag leaf senescence, the density of the flag leaf senescence indicators of the impact of inconsistent laws.4 Effects of different density and nitrogen application techniques on the main quality of super-high-yield wheatsTwo super-high-yield wheat wet gluten content and sedimentation value increases with decreasing density, wet gluten content of yannong19 growers to reduce the magnitude of the maximum of 8%, Xinong979 the most significant decrease of 8.1%, the two species of super-high-yield wheat wet gluten content and sedimentation value increased with the density changes of the same, no significant difference. Yannong19 to reduce the settlement value of the maximum rate of 3.9ml, Xinong 979 for 3.3ml, changes in scope than the yannong19 smaller growers. Formation time, settling time increases with the density showed an upward trend, the formation time of 19 tobacco growers rise to 1.03-2.37min, stabilization time for the 0.09-2.41min; Xinong 979 increases the formation time for the 0.63-1.24min, stability time of 0.29-1.41min; than 19 small tobacco farmers. 5 Effects of different density and nitrogen application techniques on the lodging index of super-high-yield wheatsYannong19 in the planting density of 450×104 hm-2 of the three to deal with a high center of gravity more than 49.43cm, are greater than 0.94 degree of lodging, lodging reached the level of all three, a density of 300×104 hm-2, nitrogen-based recovery 6:4 mix ratio of height to deal with the focus of 48.33cm, the extent of lodging up to 1.06, a degree of lodging, other deal with lodging; the lodging Xinong979 cases occurred in planting density of 450×104 hm-2 treatment, the base the recovery ratio of 4:6 and 6:4 ratio of base to recover the degree of lodging reached to deal with two, the base ratio of 5:5 up to deal with a degree of lodging.Yannong19 internode length, diameter, wall thickness and center of gravity height and lodging a strong correlation index, the correlation coefficient reached a very significant level, the focus of internode length and height and lodging index of the existence of significant positive correlation between outside diameter and wall thickness between the index and lodging significant negative correlation between wall thickness and diameter greater than the negative correlation; Xinong979 between section of the length, diameter and wall thickness index and lodging a strong correlation , correlation coefficients are extremely significant level, internode length and lodging index of the existence of significant positive correlation between the diameter and wall thickness between the index and lodging significant negative correlation between the diameter and wall thickness greater than the negative correlation, The center of gravity height and lodging index is not significant.更多还原