【作者】 李华；

【导师】 周志翔；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以1987年、1996年和2007年TM影像为信息源,运用决策树分类法对武汉市城市景观进行分类。并运用景观分析软件和景观生态学理论对武汉市的城市景观要素和城市森林进行景观格局分析,同时从景观指数和不同尺度等级两个层次对不同行政区的城市森林进行更深层次的景观格局动态分析,并对主城区和郊区的城市森林的景观格局动态进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)1987-2007年间不同景观类型的面积发生了很大的变化。城市森林面积由1987年的4.7%提高到2007年12.2%;建设用地由1987年的4%提高到2007年的11.4%;农田的面积由1987年的58.7%下降到42.1%;水域的面积由1987年的21.4%下降到18.2%。农田、水域的平均斑块面积减小,城市森林的平均斑块面积增加。(2)1987-2007年间城市森林的斑块密度最大,其次是建设用地,并且30年间这两种景观类型的斑块密度一直处于增加状态。通过分析武汉市景观类型转移矩阵可知武汉市城市森林来源于农田、水域、草地,其中草地转化的面积最大。(3)1987-2007年间武汉市城市森林斑块类型以小型和中型为主,小型城市森林斑块数目比例由1987年的41.3%下降到2007年的34.9%,中型城市森林斑块数目比例保持稳定,大型城市森林斑块数目比例处于增加状态。(4)不同行政区的城市森林景观格局变化不同。武汉市城市森林主要分布在黄陂、江夏和新洲这三个行政区,黄陂区城市森林面积最大。这三个行政区城市森林斑块密度在30年间都处于增加状态,其中新洲城市森林斑块密度最高。从斑块尺度上看,1987-2007蔡甸、新洲的小型城市森林斑块数目比例处于下降状态,中型城市森林斑块数目比例保持稳定,大型城市森林斑块数目比例增加;1987-2007黄陂和江夏区城市森林变化有波动,其中1987-1996年小型城市森林斑块数目比例下降,大型城市森林斑块数目比例上升;1996-2007年小型城市森林斑块数目比例上升,大型城市森林斑块数目比例下降。(5)武汉市郊区和主城区城市森林的平均斑块面积相差不大,但郊区城市森林的形状指数较高,边界形状复杂。主城区和郊区小型城市森林斑块数目比例在1987-2007持续下降,但郊区小型城市森林斑块数目比例较高。更多还原

【Abstract】 This research mainly use the TM image data in 1987, inl996, in 2007 as the information source. use the decision tree classification method to classify the Wuhan city. And then use the landscape analysis software and landscape ecology theory to analysis the different elements of Wuhan city and the urban forest landscape of Wuhan . At the same time, use the landscape index and the different scale urban forest patch to analysis the landscape pattern of urban forest in different administrative district, and then from the main urban and suburban area to analysis the urban forest landscape pattern.The results demonstrated that: (1)The area of different landscape has changed from 1987 to 2007.The area of urban forest is 4.7% in 1987,and raise to 12.2% until 2007; the area of construction land is 4% in 1987,and raise to 11.4% until 2007;the area of farmland is 58.7% in 1987,and reduced to 42.1% until 2007;the area of water is 21.4% in 1987,and reduce to 18.2% until 2007. The mean patch area of farmland and water are reduced, and the mean patch area of urban forest are increased.(2)The patch density of urban forest is largest during 1987-2007, the next is construction land. The two types of landscape is serious. The patch density of Wuhan city is increased, through analysis the landscape transfer matrix, we can see that urban forest derive from farmland , water and grass land, and the conversion area of grass land is largest.(3)The urban forest of Wuhan city has the large number of small and middle patch. Small patch of urban forest is 41.3% in 1987, and reduce to 34.9% until 2007.The middle patch of urban forest’s proportion remain stable, and the large patch of urban forest’s proportion is increased.(4)The change of different district of urban forest is different. The urban forest of Wuhan is mainly distributed in Huangpi, Jiangxia and Xinzhou, The area of Huangpi is largest. Patch density of this three district is increased in the 30 years, and the patch density of Xinzhou is highest. From the patch scale, we can see that the number of small patch urban forest’s ratio of Caidian, Xinzhou is decline, the number of middle patch urban forest’s ratio remain stable, and the number of large patch urban forest’s ratio is increased. And from 1987 to 2007, the number of small patch urban forest’s ratio is declined, the number of large urban forest’s ratio is increased; and from 1996 to 2007, the number of small patch urban forest is increased, the number of large patch urban forest is declined.(5)The difference between the mean patch area in the suburbs and the main urban is small. The shape index of suburban urban forest is higher, and it has the complexity border. The number of small patch urban forest’s ratio is declined in suburbs and main urban from 1987 to 2007,but the number of small patch urban forest’ ratio in suburb is higher.更多还原