【作者】 蒋文娟；

【导师】 杜睿哲；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 法学理论， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 在大多数西方国家,法律解释总是指法官对法律的解释,在那里一般没有司法解释一说,法律解释就是司法解释的代名词,二者通用。而中国的司法解释的主体是由法律予以规定的。从1981年全国人大常委会颁布的《关于加强法律解释工作的决议》到《中华人民共和国人民法院组织法》和《中华人民共和国人民检察院组织法》都规定,司法解释的主体是最高人民法院和最高人民检察院。本文研究的是最高人民法院司法解释的困境和出路。最高人民法院司法解释是指最高人民法院在审判工作中如何具体应用法律所作的具有法律效力的解释。它是通过发布专门的司法解释文件,或者通过对下级法院提出的在处理案件过程中对应用法律问题的请示进行批复的方式,对法律进行解释,而不是在裁判案件的过程中,通过裁判文书中的说理部分来表现司法者对法律的解释。并且这种司法解释在主要形式上与立法机关发布的立法规定一样,都表现为抽象的法律条文,并且实际承担着弥补法律漏洞、填补法律空白和使法律的原则性规定具体化以及统一法制的任务,因此常被人称为“准立法”。它具有特定的表现形式——“解释”、“规定”、“批复”和“决定”,制定成熟以后以最高人民法院公告形式向社会公布,并刊登在《最高人民法院公报》和《人民法院报》上。它具有法律效力,起着与法律同等重要的作用,是中国法院和法官每天办案的直接依据。最高人民法院司法解释发挥着自己独特的功能,填补法律空白和漏洞,保持法律适用与社会发展的同步性;探求立法原意,合理限制法官的自由裁量权,保证司法公正;统一法制、统一司法尺度。但最高人民法院司法解释的功能和作用并不能摆脱它在理论上和实践中的种种困境。最高人民法院司法解释僭越立法权,与现代法治原则相冲突,违反法律解释的固有特性;最高人民法院司法解释不能完全满足司法实践中法律适用的需要,很难保证准确适用法律,最高人民法院“批复”类司法解释干涉下级法院独立审判、剥夺了当事人的上诉权和申诉权。之所以会出现以上困境,与以下原因息息相关:法制的不健全与立法的粗陋、过于原则;法律解释体制的影响;司法机关权力扩张的需要;法院体制行政化的影响。最高人民法院司法解释僭越立法权,并不能完全归咎于司法机关,其中固然有司法机关扩张或滥用其权力的情况存在,但在很大程度上也是由于立法机关怠于行使或无力充分及时行使其立法权和立法解释权,致使立法粗陋,不敷应用,导致了社会现实客观上存在对司法解释的迫切需求。所以立法机关应当切实履行其立法职责,不断提高立法技术,提供优质、明确的法律规范。而且防范和处理越权司法解释,对于规范不断呈现“立法化”趋势的司法解释也显得格外重要。为摆脱最高人民法院司法解释的困境,另一项更为重要的措施就是建立和完善案例指导制度,它是完善最高人民法院司法解释的客观需要。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the most western countries,the judicial interpretation is made by judges. We possibly can not find the concept of the judicial interpretation in theirs law. They name the judicature the judicial activities of the court. Their judicial organ is a court, and naturally judicial interpretation is made by judges. But China’s judicial interpretation’s main body is stipulated by the law. From the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgation about Strengthened Law 1981 to explain that Work Resolution to the People’s Republic of China People’s Procuratorate Constitutive law and the People’s Republic of China People’s court Constitutive law, judicial interpretation’s main body are the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate.What this article studies is precisely the Judicial Interpretation of Supreme People’s Court. This kind of explanation is not only different from judges in Common Law System interpret the law separated from the case,but also different from judges in Mainland Law System make the law in the concrete case. The Judicial Interpretation of Supreme People’s Court proposes abstractness which in view of the execution of the law in the massive questions and explains the subordinate instruction,e ven does some quite comprehensive law,sy stem’s regulation explanation on the base of the full investigation and study and trial practice,It has nature of the accurate legislation. Moreover this kind of explanation has the specific manifestation: explanation,regulation,reply and decision. The Supreme People’s Court announced the judicial interpretation in the People’s court Newspaper and Supreme People’s Court Bulletin. It is playing the role of the law and used by the Chinese Court and judgers to handle cases every day.The Judicial Interpretation of Supreme People’s Court is displaying the unique function. It fills law blank and the crack to maintain the law to keep the pace with the social development. It searches original intention of laws and limits judge’s freedom to judge and guarantee fair judicature. It unifies legal system and unifies judicial criterion. But The Judicial Interpretation of Supreme People’s Court actually cannot get rid of its all sorts of difficult positions theoretical with practical although its usefulness. The accurate legislation judicial interpretation of Supreme People’s Court oversteps the legislative power,and conflicts with the principle of the modern government by law,and violates the intrinsic property of the legal explanation. It cannot satisfy completely the judicial practice the legal suitable need and guarantee the applicable legislation the accuracy. The reply intervenes in the adjudgment of judges and eliminates litigant’s appeal right and the right of petition. The reason that will have the above difficult position are as follows. Legal system is not perfect and legislation coarse and too principle. Legal explanation system’s influence and the need to expand judicial organ authority and judicial organ’s administration management pattern all result in these problems.What the accurate legislation judicial interpretation of Supreme People’s Court oversteps the legislative power cannot put the blame completely on the judicial organ. No doubt has the judicial organ expanded and abused its authority. Mostly the reason is that the Legislature is negligent and incapable to exert its right to make and interpret law promptly. The coarse legislation and the insufficient application caused the social reality to have such urgent demand of judicial interpretation. Therefore the Legislature must fulfill its legislative responsibility earnestly and enhance the legislative technology unceasingly to provide the law quality high and explicit. Next, it also appears especially important to establish the processing mechanism to guard and present the judicial interpretation to overstep the legislative power. Finally,the construction of the ease guidance system is an objective need of The Judicial Interpretation of Supreme People’s Court.更多还原