【作者】 刘娜；

【导师】 廖明安；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 果树学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 四川杂柑‘不知火’的栽培现状是土壤多为碱性土壤,基砧多为红桔砧,叶片黄化现象十分严重。本试验以资阳香橙（Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka）、卡里佐枳橙[Poncitrus trifoliate（L.）Raf.×C.sinensis（L.）Osbeck]和大红袍红桔（C.tangerina）砧木的种子播种、培育成小苗,将其定植于处理的pH 7.3、8.0、8.5三种土壤中,以‘不知火’（C.unshiu×C.sinensis cv.Skiranui tangerine）作为接穗进行嫁接,以嫁接苗作为试材,采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,比较了‘不知火’杂柑的嫁接成活率、嫁接苗的生长情况、叶片黄化分级、光合色素含量、抗氧化酶活性、解剖结构、营养的变化规律和特点,从而探讨适宜‘不知火’杂柑抗碱性黄化效应强的砧木,研究结果表明:（1）在不同供试土壤中,pH高的有机质、有效铁含量比较低;pH低有效Cu、Mn、Zn含量高;全氮、全磷含量低影响了各自对应的碱解氮和有效磷的含量;pH7.3土壤中HCO₃^-浓度低于pH8.0和pH8.5两种供试土壤。（2）三种不同的砧木嫁接‘不知火’杂柑,其嫁接成活率存在一定的差异,但成活率均在68%以上。在pH 7.3、8.0、8.5土壤条件下,资阳香橙砧的嫁接成活率均为100%;卡里佐枳橙砧嫁接成活率分别为87%、85%和80%;大红袍红桔砧嫁接成活率差异很大,分别为100%、90%和68%。（3）在pH7.3、8.0、8.5土壤条件下,三种砧木嫁接‘不知火’杂柑,随土壤pH的增高,嫁接苗叶片黄化越严重;随叶片黄化程度的加重,叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素均呈下降趋势,而叶绿素a/b的值增大。三种砧木‘不知火’杂柑嫁接苗叶片的光合色素含量主要取决于叶绿素,资阳香橙砧‘不知火’杂柑提高了叶绿素的含量,促进了叶片的光合作用,使‘不知火’杂柑嫁接苗叶片黄化现象明显改善。（4）三种砧木在不同pH土壤条件下生长,两年内根系活力差异显著,2008年三种砧木的根系活力高于2007年。在pH 7.3、8.0、8.5土壤条件下,资阳香橙砧根系活力最高,卡里佐枳橙砧次之,大红袍红桔砧最低。（5）三种砧木的‘不知火’杂柑嫁接苗在不同pH土壤条件下,株高生长、干径、新梢生长量都呈现出随土壤pH值的升高而显著降低的趋势。（6）三种砧木的‘不知火’杂柑嫁接苗叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性都有显著性差异,其中资阳香橙砧使接穗叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性极显著地高于卡里佐枳橙砧和大红袍红桔砧,卡里佐枳橙砧低于大红袍红桔砧。（7）不同pH土壤条件下三种砧木‘不知火’杂柑嫁接苗叶片解剖结构观察表明,随pH的升高,叶片的栅栏组织、海绵组织、栅栏组织与海绵组织比值、上表皮、下表皮均存在差异,以资阳香橙砧最大,大红袍红桔砧次之,卡里佐枳橙砧最小。（8）三种砧木在不同的pH土壤条件下,‘不知火’杂柑叶片活性铁含量差异明显,pH7.3条件下的叶片活性铁含量明显高于pH8.0、8.5。随着土壤pH值的升高,叶片内的营养元素有明显的变化规律。P、K、Cu、Zn随pH的升高含量明显增加。在pH8.5土壤中P含量为0.96g/kg,大红袍红桔砧‘不知火’杂柑嫁接苗叶片中P含量为26.43g/kg,进一步说明P含量偏高是引起大红袍红桔砧‘不知火’杂柑嫁接苗叶片失绿黄化的一个原因。Mg、Mn、活性Fe随pH的升高而含量减少,N、Mg、Fe变化规律不明显。通过综合分析,在pH7.3、8.0、8.5土壤条件中,三种砧木嫁接‘不知火’杂柑后,资阳香橙砧提高了嫁接苗的根系活力;叶片的叶绿素含量;SOD、POD、CAT活性;全铁、活性铁含量。资阳香橙砧是抗碱性黄化效应强的砧木,大红袍红桔砧次之,卡里佐枳橙砧最差。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cultivation of Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor of hybrid citrus was made the most of alkaline soil in Sichuan province, the most of tangerina rootstock was based rootstock. The phenomenon of deficient chlorosis leaves was serious ectremely. In this study, The seeds of rootstocks of the Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka and Poncitrus trifoliate （L.） Raf.×C. sinensis （L.） Osbeck and C. tangerine were used sowing. Developed into plantlets. It was processed under three soil pH7.3、8.0、8.5 conditions. The Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor was used scion, The grafted seedlings were taken as the experiment material. The field trials and laboratory analysis was used of methods of combining for this experiment. Graft survival rate, growth of grafted seedlings, classification of deficient chlorosis leaves, content of photosynthetic pigment, activity of antioxidant enzyme, structure of anatomical, and characteristics of nutritional were analyzed for these three grafted seedlings of the Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor. In order to the stock of Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor was explored Anti-alkaline Effect strong of deficient chlorosis. The experimental results showed that:1. The soil in different of tested, the content of organic and available Fe under high pH was low relatively. The content of available Cu, Mn and Zn under low pH was high relatively. The low content of toral N and P were impacted alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P of their corresponding. The concentration of HCO₃^- was pH7.3 below pH 8.0 and 8.5 in the soil.2.The Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor were grafted three different rootstocks, there were some differences the graft survival rate. However, the survival rate of more than 68%. The pH was 7.3, 8.0 and 8.5 in soil conditions, The graft survival rate of Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka rootstock was 100%. The graft survival rate of Poncitrus trifoliate （L.） Raf.×C. sinensis （L.） Osbeck rootstock were 87%, 85% and 80%, The graft survival rate of C. tangerine rootstock were 100%,90% and 68% of very different.3. The soil were under the conditions of pH7.3, 8.0, 8.5. Three rootstock were grafted Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor after, With the increase of soil pH, The leaves deficient chlorosis of grafted seedlings the more serious; With the leaves to increase the degree of deficient chlorosis, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids of leaves were decreased, while the chlorophyll a / b value was increased. The photosynthetic pigments content of Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor of Three rootstocks were depended on the chlorophyll. The content of chlorophyll was increased the Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor of Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka rootstock . The photosynthesis of the leaves was promoted. The phenomenon of deficient chlorosis in leaves was improved the grafted seedlings of Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor.4. Three rootstock were under the conditions of growth in different soil pH, The activity of root was differences significant within two years. The activity of root of three rootstock in 2008 is higher than in 2007. The soil were under the conditions of pH7.3, 8.0, 8.5, The activity of root maximum was Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka, The Poncitrus trifoliate （L.） Raf.×C. sinensis （L.） Osbeck followed by C. tangerine minimum.5. The grafted seedlings kinds of three rootstock of Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor under the conditions of growth in different soil pH. Growth of height, diameter of stem, the new growth has emerged with increased soil pH and significant reduction in the trend of.6. There were obvious differences of the grafted seedlings leaves of activity of SOD, POD, CAT these three rootstock of Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor. which the Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka scion was maked activity of SOD, POD, CAT of leaves significantly higher than the Carrizo Citrange Dahongpao anvil and C. tangerine rootstock, The Poncitrus trifoliate （L.） Raf.×C. sinensis （L.） Osbeck below the C. tangerine.7.The leaves of grafted seedlings of Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor were observed under the conditions of growth in different soil pH. with the pH was increased. There were obvious differences of palisade tissue, spongy tissue, palisade tissue and spongy tissue ratio, upper epidermis, lower epidermis of the leaf. For Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka largest followed by C. tangerine, Poncitrus trifoliate （L.） Raf.×C. sinensis （L.） Osbeck minimum.8. Three rootstock were under the conditions of growth in different soil pH, There were obvious differences of the content of active iron those grafted seedlings leaves. The content of active iron under pH7.3 of the conditions was significantly higher than pH8.0 and pH8.5. With the increased of soil pH, the nutrients of leaves were obvioused changes. With the pH was increased significantly content of P, K, Cu, Zn. The high P were in soil and leaves of pH8.5. The deficient chlorosis of leaves was caused an important reason of high P. With the pH was decreased the content of Mg, Mn, active iron was increased. There were not obvious changes of N, Mg, Fe.Through comprehensive analysis, the soil were under the conditions of pH7.3, 8.0 and 8.5. Three rootstocks were grafted Cultivar-Shiranui Tangor after. The root activity; content of chlorophyll; activity of SOD, POD and CAT; content of total and active iron were increased grafted seedlings of Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka rootstock. It was rootstock of strong Anti-alkaline Effect of deficient chlorosis. The C. tangerine times, the worst was Poncitrus trifoliate （L.） Raf.×C. sinensis （L.） Osbeck rootstock.更多还原