【作者】 张旭；

【导师】 吴卫；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 植物资源保护与利用， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 紫苏属Perilla L.系唇形科Labiatae草本植物。据《中国植物志》,该属植物为1种3变种,即紫苏（原变种,包括紫苏和白苏）P.fruteseens var.frutescens,野生紫苏P.frutescens var.purpurascens（Hayata）H.W.Li.,回回苏P.Fruteseens var.crispa（Benth.）Deane ex Bailey和耳齿紫苏P.frutescens var.auriculato-dentata C.T.Wuet Husanex H.W.L.。过去对紫苏属植物的研究主要集中在紫苏上。实质上,该属植物在我国民间皆供药用,其叶片还可作为香料或蔬菜。为了丰富其分类学知识,以及更充分合理地开发利用该属资源,本试验对来源于不同产地的26份紫苏属不同原（变）种材料进行了染色体数目观察和核型分析。并对其叶片主要化学成分,包括挥发油、无机元素和维生素等的组成及含量进行了检测。主要研究结果如下:1.染色体数目观察结果表明,紫苏属植物染色体数目均为2n=40。还首次报道了紫苏属植物核型,其核型公式分别为紫苏2n=40=20m（2SAT）+10sm+10st;野生紫苏2n=40=18m+14sm（2SAT）+8st;回回苏;白苏2n=40=24m+12sm（2SAT）+4st。即紫苏属不同原（变）种在核型上存在一定差异。2.从26份紫苏属植物材料叶片挥发油中共鉴定出49种化合物。按化学分类法可将供试材料分成八种不同化学型,分别为紫苏酮型（Perillaketone,简称PK）,D-柠檬烯-薄荷烯酮型（D-Limonene and Piperitone,DLP）,薄荷二烯酮型（Piperitenone,PT）,肉豆蔻醚型（Myristicin,MS）,芹菜脑型（Apiol,AL）,异榄香素型（Isoelemicin,IEM）,脱氢香薷酮型（Dehydoelsholtzia ketone,DEK）及紫苏醛型（Perilla aldehyde,PA）。其中D-柠檬烯-薄荷烯酮型、异榄香素型、芹菜脑型和脱氢香薷酮型为首次报道。D-柠檬烯-薄荷烯酮型、异榄香素型和芹菜脑型仅在来自四川的材料中检测到。3.本试验还对P06-1Z及P06-28两份材料从苗期到采收前期的6个时期叶片挥发油成分进行检测,发现其主要化学成份组成及含量在不同季节存在一定差异,但并不影响其化学型的划分,进一步证明了上述化学型划分的科学性。本试验还分析了挥发油化学型与传统形态学分类间关系,结果发现同一原（变）种中存在多种不同化学型,同种化学型分布在不同的原（变）种中,即挥发油化学型与传统形态学分类间无明显相关性。4.采用原子吸收光谱法对紫苏属各原（变）种不同部位叶片和茎中Fe、Mn、Mg、Zn、Cr、Cu、Cd、Pd、Ca等无机元素进行测定。结果表明,该属植物叶茎中均含有丰富的Fe、Mn、Mg、Zn、Cu、Ca等元素,特别以其Ca的含量高,最高可达78694.63 mg/Kg,均未检测到Cd、Cr、Pd。其上、中、下部叶和茎各无机元素含量不尽相同,以中上部叶含量相对丰富。通过对不同原（变）种中部叶中无机元素含量进行分析表明,该属不同原（变）种叶片无机元素含量间无显著差异,其中,P06-4、P06-15白、P06-17白、P06-20C、P06-20B、P06-28等材料有益无机元素含量较高。本试验还建立了紫苏属植物叶片无机元素指纹图谱。5.分别提取紫苏属植物叶片水溶性及脂溶性维生素,并采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对维生素的组成及含量进行了测定。通过对紫苏属各原（变）种花期不同部位叶片中维生素进行测定。结果表明,不同部位叶片中均含丰富的水溶性维生素（V_C）和脂溶性维生素(V_D2、V_D3),特别以V_C的含量最高,最高可达35.63 mg/100g。其上、中、下部叶和茎各维生素含量不尽相同,以中部叶含量相对丰富。通过对不同原（变）种苗期中部叶中维生素进行检验表明,该属不同原（变）种叶片维生素种类基本一致,均含有丰富的V_C及V_K1,但含量存在显著差异。其中,P06-4、P06-9、P06-14、P06-15白、P06-36等材料苗期叶中维生素含量较为丰富。通过本试验,筛选出P06-4、P06-9、P06-14、P06-15白、P06-17白、P06-20C、P06-20B和P06-36等几份性状优良的材料。其中P06-4和P06-3等可作为药蔬兼用材料;P06-9、P06-14、P06-15白、P06-17白、P06-20C和P06-20B等维生素及无机元素种类相对丰富、含量相对高,建议作为蔬菜使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Genus Perilla L.accessions are Labiatae herbage plants.According to the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae,there are one species and three varietal species in genus Perilla,including P.frutescens var.frutescens（including zisu and baisu）,P.frutescens var.purpurascens（Hayata） H.W.Li.,P.frutescens var.crispa（Benth.） Deane ex Bailey and P.frutescens var.auriculato-dentata C.T.Wuet Husanex H.W.L..In the past,the studies on the genus Perilla resources were focused on P.frutescens vat.frutescens. Actually,Perilla L.accessions are traditional medicine in the folks of China,and all the leaves are also used as vegetables and fragrance.To enrich the taxonomic knowledge and make good use of Perilla L.accessions,the chromosome number of twenty-six accessions of genus Perilla L.,and the karyotypes of 1 species（including zisu and baisu） and 2 varietal species from genus Perilla L.accessions were analyzed.Also in this study,the compositions and contents of main compounds in the leaves of Perilla L.accessions were determined,including the essential oils,mineral elements and vitamins.The main results were described as follows:1.The observation results showed that the chromosome numbers of all Perilla L. accessions were forty.The karotype formula of Genus Perilla L.accessions were reported for the frist time.P.frutescens var.frutescens（zi-su） is 2n=40=20m（2SAT）+10sm+10st; P.frutescens var.purpurascens（Hayata） H.W.Li is 2n=40= 18m+14sm（2SAT） +8st; P.Fruteseens var.crispa（Benth.） Deane ex Bailey is 2n=40= 10m（2SAT） +14sm+16st;P. fruteseens var.frutescens（bai-su） is 2n=40= 24m+12sm（2SAT） +4st.The results indicated that there were differences among the karotypes of the species and varietal species of genus Perilla L.accessions.2.Totally,forty-nine components could be identified from the essential oil of twenty-six accessions.The results showed that eight chemotypes could be identified as follows:Perillaketone（PK）,D-Limonene and Piperitone（DLP）,Piperitenone（PT）, Myristicin（MS）,Apiol（AL）,Isoelemicin（IEM）,Dehydroelsholtzia ketone（DEK） and Perilla aldehyde（PA）.Of them,chemotype DLP,AL,IEM and DEK were reported for the first time,DLP,IEM and AL were found only in the accessions from Sichuan Province, China.3.In our study,the EOs of P06-1Z and P06-28 were investigated at six stages during growing（from seedling stage to the harvest stage）.Taking into account the variability of the two accessions during the year,the main constituents could not change during growing. And the seasonal influence on the status could not change different chemotypes distinguished,and enhance the veracity of the differentiation of eight chemotypes. Comparing the traditional morphological taxonomy and chemotypes,and suggested that it not always be possible to establish a correlation between them.4.The contents of Fe,Mn,Mg,Zn,Cr,Cu,Cd,Pd and Ca in the different part of leaves and stems of Perilla L.materials were determined by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry.The results showed that there were plenty of Fe,Mn,Mg,Zn,Cu and Ca in the leaves and stems of all Perilla L.materials,especially the content of Ca were the most（78694.63 mg/Kg）.And Cd,Cr and Pd were not determined.The content of elements in different part of the leaves and stem are different,and the higher contents were determined in the middle and upper leaves.The results also showed the contents of mineral elements in the middle and upper leaves were significantly different between the different Perilla L.materials.There were plenty of beneficial elements in P06-4,P06-15white, P06-17white,P06-20C,P06-20B,P06-28.In a while,the establishment of fingerprint was useful for the identification of Perilla L.materials.5.In this study,the water soluble vitamins and the fat soluble vitamins were extracted in different methods and were analyzed by HPLC.The results showed that the compositions of vitamins in different part of the leaves were approximately consistent in the flowering stage leaves of different Perilla L.materials,with plenty of the water soluble vitamins（V_C） and the fat soluble vitamins(V_D2 and V_D3),especially the contents of V_C were the most（35.63 mg/100g）.The contents of vitamins in different part of the leaves are different,the higher contents were determined in the middle leaves.The results also showed that the compositions of vitamins were approximately consistent in the seedling stage leaves of different Perilla L.materials,with plenty of V_C and V_K1,but the contents were significantly different.Accessions P06-4,P06-9,P06-14,P06-15white and P06-36 have more vitamins in the seedling stage leaves than the others.In our study,P06-4,P06-9,P06-14,P06-15white,P06-17white,P06-20C,P06-20B, P06-36 were selected out for their good characters.It is suggested that P06-4 and P06-36 be used for both medicine and vegetable,and P06-9,P06-14,P06-15white,P06-17 white, P06-20C and P06-20B be used as vegetable,as there were plenty of vitamins and mineral elements in their leaves.更多还原