【作者】 蔺宏良；

【导师】 王生昌；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 控制机动车排放污染,保护人类赖以生存的大气环境已经成为全社会的共识。目前,世界各国已经采取多种方法和措施来控制机动车排放:一方面制定越来越严格的机动车排放法规和标准;另一方面不断研究新的排放控制技术应用于汽车上。机动车排放控制是一项系统工程,涉及新车生产制造、在用车使用维修、道路交通管理、油品质量及税收激励政策等诸多因素。就我国现状来说,在用车排放控制措施不到位,力度明显不够,导致排放超标现象严重是亟需解决的一个问题。国外经验表明:实施在用车检测与维护(I/M)制度是控制在用车排放最科学、经济而有效的措施。本文首先介绍国外机动车排放污染控制现状,重点论述在用车检测与维护(I/M)制度的概念、发展历程和主要内容;其次在介绍我国在用车排放标准和汽车检测维修制度的基础上,讨论I/M制度与我国的汽车检测维修制度之间的相关性;然后调研西安市目前空气质量和机动车排放污染状况,分析西安市汽车维修与汽车检测行业存在的问题及对策,探讨在西安市实施I/M制度的必要性和迫切性;最后,在借鉴国内、外实施I/M制度成功经验的基础上,结合西安市具体情况,设计西安市在用车检测与维护(I/M)制度的实施方案、体系结构和技术标准。通过西安市I/M制度的实施,使西安市机动车排放污染得到有效控制,从而实现市区空气质量的有效改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 It has been realized by people to control the vehicle emissions in order to get a good air surroundings. Now various methods on vehicle emission control have been taken throughout the world: one way is to formulate more and more stringent regulations and standards for vehicle pollutions; the other way is to develop new technology about automobile emission control. Vehicle emission control is a complicated system, and involves a variety of factors such as manufacture of vehicle, automobile use and maintenance, road traffic management, fuel and oil quality and revenue policies etc. In China, present emission regulation of in-use vehicle is more loose and incapable, so it becomes urgent to take more effective methods on in-use vehicle emission control. The experience o f developed countries indicates that I/M program, short for Inspection and Maintenance program, is the most scientific, economical and efficient measure to control emission from in-use vehicle.First of all, this article introduces the present situation abroad of vehicle pollution control, and emphasizes the meaning, history and content of I/M program. Secondly, focusing on the emission standard of in-use cars and vehicle maintenance specification in China, the paper discusses the correlation between I/M program and maintenance specification. Thirdly, after investigating the status of air environment and vehicle pollution in Xi’an city, the paper analyzes the existing problems and countermeasures in vehicle inspection and maintenance procedure, and argues the necessity and urgency of implementing I/M program. Finally, based on successful experiences abroad and combining the fact of Xi’an city, the article establishes the scheme of I/M system and designs relating technical details about I/M program for Xi’an city in order to improve the atmosphere environment.更多还原