【作者】 李志强；

【导师】 刘剑锋；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 约翰·斯坦贝克(1902-1968)是二十世纪美国文学史上的一位重要作家,他凭借对《愤怒的葡萄》中美国经济大萧条时期俄克拉何马州流动农民的描写所产生的深远影响荣获1962年诺贝尔文学奖。然而,他的成功还与一系列严肃思考的中短篇小说创作有着密切的关系。无论是“农工三部曲”中对土地的热爱和对劳动阶层的同情与赞美,还是战争题材小说的生动描绘,到后期作品中人性善与恶斗争对人自身的摧残,斯坦贝克都称得上是杰出的。斯坦贝克的批评研究是一个复杂的领域,有研究者从现实主义分析其小说的时代特征;也有研究来表明他作品里的自然主义特色;有从作家生平和象征主义来阐述其作品与《圣经》的渊源;上世纪后期也有人通过女性主义对其作品进行解读。本文从作家的悲剧意识小说入手进行深入研究,拟在对其小说所展示的悲剧艺术特色进行分析,论文由引言、正文和结论三部分组成。第一章简要介绍作者约翰·斯坦贝克及其作品、目前斯坦贝克研究概要和本论文的构想。第二章主要讨论理论及其它背景,包括作家的一些哲学思维和所受的影响,如目的论和非目的论及群体个体理论和斯坦贝克自身的文学实践观并探讨了斯坦贝克与悲剧的综合研究,主要介绍悲剧特征在斯坦贝克作品中的体现,斯坦贝克的悲剧意识小说具有明显的悲剧要素并体现了各种悲剧类型。第三章从悲剧主题角度分别从三个方面讨论作者在小说中所表现的悲剧意识:介绍了美国梦的破碎、痛苦中出行和人性在善与恶之间斗争。第四章对斯坦贝克悲剧意识小说中的创作技巧进行讨论:斯坦贝克糅合了各种不同的创作技巧,主要有象征的手法、寓言的运用,斯坦贝克剧本小说与电影小说的实践以及现实主义与自然主义的融合。通过上述论证和充分的分析,从而得出结论,简要概括并强调论文主要内容。斯坦贝克是位多才多艺的小说家,他所具有的悲剧意识像他的现实主义风格一样也是他成功的关键。无论是主题还是写作技巧,他的悲剧意识有着不可或缺的重要性。虽然斯坦贝克评论从未取得一致的声音,更有评论家怀疑他的创作,但斯坦贝克的思想和艺术都足以使他在美国文学史上占有稳固的一席之地。更多还原

【Abstract】 John Steinbeck (1902-1968) is one of the most important writers in twentieth century American literature awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature under the far-reaching influence of The Grapes of Wrath which depicts the migrant workers from Oklahoma in the American Great Depression. However, his success is also closely related with the serious thinking in the creation of other long and medium-length novels. John Steinbeck has always been an outstanding novelist be his love for land and the sympathy and love for working class in the migrant trilogy or the vivid description in his novels of war theme or the destruction on the human self from the struggle between good and evil.Steinbeck criticism is a very complex area for study. Some researchers note the realism in his novels and aim to unfold how his novels present the voices the time. Some researchers’studies show his novels’naturalistic meanings. There are also studies on the relationship between his novels and the Bible from viewpoints of symbolism. Feministic criticism also appears in the later years of last century.This thesis, consisting of three parts, intends to dive deep into Steinbeck’s novels of tragic consciousness to unfold the art of tragedy. Chapter one briefly deals with the novelist and his work, a general view of John Steinbeck criticism and the research objective and structure of the thesis. Chapter two discusses the theoretical and relevant backgrounds, including the novelist’s philosophical thinking, the influence that benefits him and himself as literary experimentalist. It also connects John Steinbeck and tragedy and focuses on the representation of the tragedy in his novels. Chapter three studies the thematically unfolded tragic consciousness from three different tragic themes, namely the breakdown of the American Dream, journey in pain and the twisting human nature in the good-evil conflict. Chapter four touches upon the artistic techniques in his novels of tragic consciousness. John Steinbeck blends different kinds of writing techniques. The major ones are the use of symbolism, the application of allegory, practice of play-novelette and film-novelette, realism and naturalism. Through the discussion and analysis above, the thesis comes to the conclusion which summaries the thesis and highlights the major points.John Steinbeck is a novelist of talent. His tragic consciousness, like his realistic style, is a key factor which contributes to his success. Whether it is thematic concern or writing technique, his tragic consciousness has the ineradicable importance. Though Steinbeck criticism never reaches consensus and many critics show doubt on his literary creation, John Steinbeck’s thinking and artistic endeavor secure him a steady important position in the history of American literature.更多还原