【作者】 张娟；

【导师】 蒋惠亮；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 化学工艺， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对一种以甘油为原料的新型非离子表面活性十二烷基聚甘油醚的合成和性能进行了一系列的研究。本文比较了三种合成方法:由3–氯–1,2–丙二醇在碱性条件下低温作用下脱去氯化氢制备缩水甘油,十二醇与缩水甘油反应制备非离子表面活性剂十二烷基聚甘油醚,副反应缩水甘油聚合较难控制,产物收率较低,不利于工业化生产;通过甘油与1,2–二氯乙烷合成中间体聚合甘油,进而合成非离子表面活性剂十二烷基聚甘油醚,操作简便,成本较低,利于工业生产;由甘油自身聚合得中间体,进而制备十二烷基聚甘油醚,工艺简单,易于操作,但聚合度高的甘油目前研究较少,且聚合度高的产品颜色较深,随着高聚合度聚甘油研究的进展,该方法具有很广阔的前景。通过对不同聚合度烷基聚甘油醚的性能测定表明:十二烷基二聚甘油醚γcmc和cmc最低,随聚合度增大,其表面活性逐渐降低;十二烷基十聚甘油醚泡沫、钙皂分散和增溶性能最好,十二烷基四聚甘油醚乳化能力最好,十二烷基六聚甘油醚的去污力最好。烷基六聚甘油醚与LAS复配,具有较好的协同效应:n(LAS)∶n(烷基聚甘油醚)=3∶7时,γcmc和cmc最低;n(LAS)∶n(烷基聚甘油醚)=7∶3时,发泡性、稳泡性及润湿性均较好;n(LAS)∶n(烷基聚甘油醚)=5∶5时,对苯的增溶能力最好;n(LAS)∶n(烷基聚甘油醚)=3∶7时,钙皂分散能力最好;n(LAS)∶n(烷基聚甘油醚)为3∶7时,去污性能最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 A new type nonionic surfactant dodecyl polyglycerol ethers(DPE) was synthesized and characterized.In this paper three kinds of synthesis methods were attempted. Glycidol was synthesized through the reaction of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol with alkaline compound at low temperature. Dodecyl polyglycerol ethers was prepared by glycidol and dodecanol.The side reactions were refractory.So this method makes agaist industrial production. Polyglycerol was synthezied from glycerol and ethane dichloride under the help of alkali catalyst,then nonionic surfactant dodecyl ethers polyglycerol was synthezied.This method is low cost and the reaction is simple. Polyglycerol was synthezied by glycerol, then dodecyl polyglycerol ethers was synthezied. High polymerization degree of polyglycerol was studied less.The color of high polymerization degree products is dark. With the progress of the study in the polyglycerol of high polymerization degree, the method has very broad prospects.The surface chemical properties of the products were determined.γcmc appears the lowest value at n = 2, and cmc achieves the lowest at n =2. The foaming power, the dispersing power and the solubilization capacity show the best at n = 10. The emulsifying power shows the best at n = 4.The detersive power shows the best at n=6.Dodecyl ethers polyglycerol was blended with LAS.They have preferable synergistic effect. When n(LAS)∶n(DPE)=3∶7,γcmc and cmc appear the lowest. When n(LAS)∶n(DPE)=7∶3, the foaming and wetting power appear better. When n(LAS)∶n(DPE)=5∶5, the dispersing power appear best. When n(LAS)∶n(DPE)=3∶7, the solubilization capacity and the detersive power show best.更多还原