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基于计算机辅助人机工程的装载机驾驶室设计方法研究
The Study of Loader Cab Design Based on Computer-Aided Ergonomics
【作者】 李建勇；
【导师】 李剑峰；
【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 设计艺术学， 2009， 硕士
【摘要】 装载机是一种广泛应用的工程机械,在国民经济发展中占有重要地位。驾驶室是装载机的重要部件之一,正确地设计出合乎要求的驾驶室对司机的安全、身体健康、操纵舒适性及减轻劳动强度都有着直接的关系。因此有必要研究一种新的装载机驾驶室设计方法,以满足人们对装载机驾驶室的要求。本文分析了装载机驾驶室设计中对人机工程理念的诉求,以人机工程学理论为基础,结合计算机仿真技术,提出了基于计算机辅助人机工程的装载机驾驶室设计方法构架,制定了一种装载机驾驶室的人机工程设计方案评价指标体系,并建立了一种合理的人机工程评价流程模型,对设计方案进行评价。该方法紧密围绕“以人为本”的思想,以相关的国内外标准及行业标准为依据,结合计算机辅助技术,对装载机驾驶室这个人机系统进行总体设计。系统阐述装载机驾驶室设计相关的人机工程学理论和关键技术,在此基础上充分考虑驾驶员的要求,确定方向盘、操纵杆、脚踏板和座椅位置等驾驶室单元的参数。最后对所提出的人机系统模型的综合性能进行检验,包括舒适性、视野性和操作方便性等。本文将装载机驾驶室作为一个特殊、复杂的人机系统,运用人机工程学理论,借助计算机仿真技术,实现了装载机驾驶室人机系统设计的计算机化。该方法为缩短装载机新机型的开发周期,降低开发成本,也为进行驾驶室设计和性能检验提供了一种有效手段。
【Abstract】 Loader is a kind of general construction machineries, which play an important role in the development of national economy. Cab is the important components of loader. The reasonable design of cab can improve the safety, physical health, operation comfortableness and decrease the lab intensity. So the design methods for loader cab were developed to satisfy the requirements in this study.In this study, the requirement of man-machine engineering concept in the design of loader cab was analyzed. Based on the theory of man-machine engineering, the framework of computer aided design (CAD) method for loader cab was proposed. The evaluation indexes system for the design schemes was defined and relative evaluation process was built to comprehensively evaluate the design schemes. Based on the concept of "human-oriented", the general design of loader cab was performed by the aid of CAD technology and relative industry standards. The theory of man-machine engineering and key technology was systematically stated. The operators’ requirements were taken into account and the parameters of cab units, such as steering wheel, operating lever, footboard and seat position were defined. Finally the comprehensive performances of man-machine system model were tested in the items of comfortableness, visual field and operation convenience.In this study, loader cab was taken as a special and complex man-machine. By the aid of the theory of man-machine engineering and computerized simulation, the CAD method of loader cab was realized. With the new design method, the development cycle and cost were decreased. And it provides an effective way for loader cab design and performance tests.