【作者】 刘亚楠；

【导师】 祝茜；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 动物学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 松江鲈鱼Trachidermus fasciatus在世界范围内仅分布于中国、菲律宾、日本、朝鲜等国。中国、朝鲜西部沿海和鸭绿江、大同江等河流,日本九州岛有明海沿岸及其滨海诸河,如筑后川、河嘉濑川等均产。在中国,历史资料记载的分布相当广泛,其种群几乎遍布整个中南、东南沿海及相关河流水域,北起鸭绿江口,南至九龙江口,如:厦门、舟山、宁波、嘉兴、南京、长江三角洲各地和长江口、苏北沿海、胶州湾、烟台、秦皇岛、庄河、营口、大连等地及台湾北部、西部均有分布,几乎涉及到七省(辽宁省、河北省、山东省、江苏省、浙江省、福建省和台湾省)、两市(天津市和上海市)等广大地区,具有重要的经济、科研、医学和食用价值。上个世纪70年代以前,松江鲈鱼资源较丰富,70年代以后,由于河流下游水质受到污染,河道内又大量兴建水利设施,阻隔了松江鲈鱼生殖洄游的通道,使松江鲈鱼在产前(下海亲鱼)、产中(产卵场)和产后(溯河)各个环节的生态条件均遭到破坏,进入2000年以来资源下降幅度明显,年际变化大,造成资源严重衰退。目前,松江鲈在我国的大部分原栖息地已基本消失,特别是久负盛名的上海市松江区已多年未见其踪迹,这对松江鲈的研究和保护造成了很大的困难。鉴于松江鲈鱼种群数量急剧减少的现状,首先要了解该濒危种群的遗传多样性,即分子生态学的重要研究内容,因为它是物种能够繁衍生息的基础。目前,对于松江鲈鱼的研究主要集中于环境因子对松江鲈鱼生长的影响、繁殖、性腺的周年变化、胚胎发育、染色体组型分析、消化器官的组织学研究等方面,迄今国内外利用分子生物学手段对松江鲈鱼进行保护遗传学研究甚为少见。因此,本文以威海海域的松江鲈鱼为研究对象,对其线粒体DNA控制区序列进行分析。主要研究结果如下:首次识别了松江鲈鱼mtDNA控制区的终止序列区、中央保守区和保守序列区3个区域,指出一系列保守序列(CSB-F、CSB-E、CSB-D和CSB1、CSB2、CSB3)。从54个松江鲈鱼样本中检测到56个变异位点,定义了25个单倍型。用BioEdit,ClustalX,DnaSP等软件分析后得出其单倍型多样性(h)和核苷酸多样性(π)分别为0.997+/-0.012和0.01324+/-0.00084,表明当前威海海域松江鲈鱼的遗传多样性水平很高,可能原因是:威海的当地群众并不知道松江鲈鱼的名贵,市场上没有需求,渔民都把它作为一种低值鱼处理,一直没有得到真正的开发利用。尽管本研究的结果表明威海海域松江鲈鱼的遗传多样性水平较高,但是,就全国范围来说,松江鲈资源已面临濒危,因此,遗传多样性水平高的威海海域松江鲈鱼无疑是宝贵的生物资源和遗传资源。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Roughskin soulpin(Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel) is a rare fish that lives in warm temperate zones in East Asia.It is a small species with a bottom-dwelling habit.The Roughskin soulpin is only found in China,Korea and Japan.In Korea,it is found on the northwestern coast of the Korean peninsula.In Japan,the Roughskin soulpin is found only in Ariake Sound and Isahaya Bay along with the rivers pouring into them.In China,the species distribute along the eastern coast,in the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea,as well as in the rivers that pour into them.Its main areas of distribution are in seven provinces and two municipalities.The seven provinces are Liaoning,Hebei,Shandong,Jiangsu, Zhejiang,Fujian and Taiwan.The two municipalities are Shanghai and Tianjin.Historically,the Roughskin soulpin has distributed widely in the East Asia area. In China,it is found mostly in the southeast coastal waters and the rivers pouring into these areas.Recently,owing to a combination of natural and human activities,its population in the wild has gradually declined to the point where it is now considered to be an endangered species.During the past several decades,the economy in the same areas has experienced a period of rapid development.Due to this rapid economic development and the pollution of aquatic habitats,the survival of the Roughskin soulpin is increasingly threatened.Furthermore,the traditional migratory routes have been seriously blocked because of the considerable barriers appeared in the upper reaches and the construction in the river.As a result,the Roughskin soulpin is almost extinct in their original habitats,especially in Songjiang.So it has been listed in the Second Order of Protected Animals in China.The critical importance for the effective conservation and management is to understand the population genetic status,because it is the basic of the survival and prosperity for a species.However,in previous work,the research is mainly focused on the environmental factors’ effect on the growth,reproducibility,annual cycle of GSI, embryonic developmenf,chromosome analysis,annual cycle of thyroid gland, histological analysis of the digestive organ,but rarely on conservation genetics based on molecular analysis.Therefore,in the present study,the genetic diversity based on mtDNA control region sequence is used to investigate the genetic status of the population.It is anticipated that the basic genetic data of mtDNA sequence could also be valuable for the future conservation and management to maintain the species as sustainable resources while ensuring that they remain as functional elements of their ecosystem.The termination associated sequence domain(TAS),the central conserved domain(CD) and the conserved sequence block domain(CSB),were identified in the mtDNA control region of Roughskin soulpin.Three conserved blocks(CSB-F、CSB-E、CSB-D) in the CD domain and three conserved sequence blocks(CSB1、CSB2、CSB3) in the CSB domain were identified as well.Sequence data are obtained from 54 Roughskin soulpins in the coastal waters of Weihai,describing 25 haplotypes.The haplotype and nucleotide diversity is 0.997 +/-0.012 and 0.01324 +/-0.00084,respectively,showing a high level of genetic diversity in this species.The possible reason could be that the local people in Weihai have not realized the value of the Roughskin soulpin,and there is no demands in the market.Since the Roughskin soulpin is facing with serious threat widely in China,the Roughskin soulpin in Weihai undoubtedly becomes a precious resource.So we should play great importance on its conservation and sustainability to prevent the loss of the genetic diversity.更多还原